The following preliminary list of publications, theses and primary sources provides further information regarding the background to this project and the history of the Inuit and Inuit-Metis.
Publications and ThesesArendt, Beatrix
2009 Hopedale archaeology Project 2008: Excavation of Housel and Anniowaktook Island. Provincial Archaeology Office 2008 Archaeology Review 7: 5-10.
Arendt, Beatrix
2008 2007 Season Report: Hopedale Archaeology Project. Provincial Archaeology Office 2007 Archaeology Review 6: 3-6.
Auger, Réginald
1993 Late-18th and early-19th century Inuit and Europeans in southern Labrador. Arctic 46(1): 27-34.
Auger, Réginald
1989 Labrador Inuit and Europeans in the Strait of Belle Isle: From the Witten Sources to the Archaeological Evidence. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Calgary, Calgary
Baehra, Rainer
2010 Ethnological and Anthropological Explorations of the Labrador "Eskimo" Before 1880. In Very Rough Country: Proceedings of the Labrador Exploration Symposium, edited by Martha MacDonald, pp. 228-250. Labrador Institute of Memorial University, Happy Valley-Goose Bay.
Beaudoin, Matthew
2008 Sweeping the Floor: An Archaeological Examination of a Multi-Ethnic Sod House in Labrador (FkBg-24). M.A. Thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's.
Beaudoin, Matthew
2008 A Labrador Métis sod structure in southern Labrador (FkBg-24). Provincial Archaeology Office 2007 Archaeology Review 6: 6-7.
Beaudoin, Matthew, Richard L. Jordan and Lisa K. Rankin
2010 Attributing cultural affiliation to sod structures in Labrador: A Labrador Metis example from North River. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 34(2): 148-173.
Borlase, Tim
1994 The Labrador Settlers, Metis and Kablunângajuit. Happy Valley-Goose Bay, N-L: Labrador East Integrated School Board.
Brewster, Natalie
2006 The Inuit in Southern Labrador: The View from Snack Cove. Occasional Papers in Northeastern Archaeology No. 15. Copetown Press, St. John's.
Cabak, Melanie Ann
1991 Inuit Women as Catalysts of Change: An Archaeological Study of 19th Century Northern Labrador. M.A. thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Cabak, Melanie Ann and Stephen Loring
2000 A Set of Very Fair Cups and Saucers: Stamped Ceramics as an Example of Inuit Incorporation. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 4(1):1-34.
Cartwright, George
1792 A Journal of Transactions and Events During a Residence of Nearly Sixteen Years on the Coast of Labrador. Allin and Ridge, Newark.
Cary, Henry C.
2004 Hoffnungsthal: The Archaeology and Architecture of the First Moravian Mission to the Labrador Inuit, 1752. M.A. Thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's.
Clermont, Norman
1980 Les Inuit du Labrador méridional avant Cartwright. Etude/Inuit/Studies 4(1-2): 147-166.
Friesen, T. Max and Charles D. Arnold
2008 The Timing of the Thule Migration: New Dates from the Western Canadian Arctic. American Antiquity 73(3): 527-538.
Felsberg, Susan
2010 People: Labrador's Very First Export. In Very Rough Country: Proceedings of the Labrador Exploration Symposium, edited by Martha MacDonald, pp. 214-227. Labrador Institute of Memorial University, Happy Valley-Goose Bay.
Fitzhugh, William W.
2011 An Inuit Winter House on Petit Mecatina (Hare Harbor-1, EdBt-3) and Notes on the Harp Seal Failure of 2010. Provincial Archaeology Office 2009 Archaeology Review 9: 37-50.
Fitzhugh, William W., Anja Herzog, Sophia Perdikaris and Brenna McLeod
2011 Ship to Shore: Inuit, Early Europeans, and Maritime Landscapes in the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. In The Archaeology of Maritime Landscapes: When the Land Meets the Sea, edited by Ben Ford, pp. 99-108. Springer, New York.
Hiller, J. K.
1971 The Moravians in Labrador, 1771-1805. Polar Record 15(99): 839-854.
Jordan, Richard and Susan Kaplan
1980 An Archaeological View of the Inui/European Contact Period in Central Labrador. Études/Inuit/Studies 4(1-2): 35-45.
Josephs, Richard and Matthew Beaudoin
2010 Micromorphological Investigations of the Occupation Surface at Site FkBg 24: A 19th Century Multi Ethnic (Metis?) Sod House Floor, North River, Labrador. North Atlantic Archaeology 2: 67-80.
Jurakic, Irena
2007 Up North: European Ceramics and Tobacco Pipes at the Nineteenth-Century Contact Period Inuit Winter Village Site of Kongu (IgCx-7), Nachvak Fiord, Northern Labrador. M.A. thesis, Memorial University, St. John's.
Kaplan, Susan
1985 European Goods and Socio-economic Change in Early Labrador Inuit Society. In Cultures in Contact, edited by William Fitz-hugh, pp. 45-69. Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
Kaplan, Susan
1985 Eskimo-European Contact Archaeology in Labrador, Canada. In Comparative Studies in the Archaeology of Colonialism, edited by S. Dyson, pp. 53-76. British Archaeological Reports, International Series, 283.
Kaplan, Susan
1983 Economic and Social Change in Labrador Neo-Eskimo Culture. Ph.D. dissertation, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.
Kaplan, Susan and J.M. Woollett
2000 Challenges and Choices: Exploring the Interplay of Climate, History and Culture on Canada's Labrador Coast. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 32(2): 351-359.
Kennedy, J.C.
1997 Labrador Métis Ethrogenesis. Ethnos 62(3-4): 5-23.
Kennedy, John C.
1995 People of the Bays and Headlands: Anthropological History and the Fate of Communities in the Unknown Labrador. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
Martijn, Charles A.
2009 Historic Inuit Presence in Northern Newfoundland Circa 1550-1800 CE. In Painting the Past with a Broad Brush: Papers in Honour of James Valliere Wright, edited by David L. Keenlyside and Jean-Luc Pilon, pp. 65-101. Canadian Museum of Civilization Mercury Series, Gatineau.
McGhee, R.
2009 When and Why Did the Inuit Move to the Arctic. In The Northern World AD 900-1400: The Dynamic of Climate, Economy, and Politics in Hemispheric Perspective, edited by Herbert Maschner, Owen Mason and Robert McGhee, pp. 155-164. University of Utah Press, Utah.
McGhee, Robert
2009 The Population Size and Temporal Duration of Thule Culture in Arctic Canada. In On the Track of the Thule Culture, From Alaska to East Greenland, edited by Bjarni Gronnow. National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen.
McGhee, Robert
2000 Radiocarbon Dating and the Timing of the Thule Migration. In Identities and Cultural Contacts in the Arctic: Proceedings from a Conference at the Danish National Museum, Copenhagen, edited by Martin Applet, Joel Berglund and Hans Christian Gulløv. The Danish National Museum and Danish Polar Center.
Mitchell, Greg.
2010 Inuktitut in Southern Labrador; A Brief Review of Historical Word Lists. Them Days 34(4): 34-37.
Rankin, Lisa and Amanda Crompton
2012 The Labrador Métis and the Politics of Identity: Understanding the Archaeological Past to Negotiate a Sustainable Future. In Heritage 2012: 3rd International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development, edited by R. Amoêda, S. Lira and C. Pinheiro, pp. 1435-1443. Greenlines Institute, Barcelos, Portugal.
Rankin, Lisa, Matthew Beaudoin, and Natalie Brewster
2012 Southern Exposure: The Inuit of Sandwich Bay, Labrador. In Settlement, Subsistence and Change Among the Labrador Inuit: The Nunatsiavummiut Experience, edited by David C. Natcher, Lawrence Felt and Andrea Procter, pp. 61-84. University of Manitoba Press, Winnepeg.
Rankin, Lisa K.
2010 A People for All Seasons: Expressions of Inuit Identity Over the Past 500 years in Southern Labrador. In Identity Crisis: Archaeological Perspectives on Social Identity, edited by Lindsay Amundsen Meyer et al., pp. 332-340. University of Calgary, Calgary.
Rankin, Lisa K.
2007 Sandwich Bay Archaeological Reconnaissance. Provincial Archaeology Office 2006 Archaeology Review 6: 22-23.
Rollmann, Hans.
2011 ‘So fond of the pleasure to shoot’: The Sale of Firearms to Inuit on Labrador's North Coast in the Late Eighteenth Century. Newfoundland and Labrador Studies 26 (1): 5-24.
Rollmann, Hans.
2010 Moravians in Central Labrador: The Indigenous Inuit Mission of Jacobus and Salome at Snooks Cove. Journal of Moravian Studies 9 (Fall): 7-40.
Rollmann, Hans.
2009 Moravian Beginnings in Labrador: Papers from a Symposium held in Makkovik and Hopedale. Occasional Publication of Newfoundland and Labrador Studies, No. 2, Newfoundland and Labrador Studies, Faculty of Arts Publications, St. John's.
Rollmann, Hans.
2002 Labrador Through Moravian Eyes: 250 Years of Art, Photographs & Records. Special Celebrations Corporation of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Tourism, Culture, and Recreation, St. John's.
Savours, Ann
1963 Early Eskimo Visitors to Britain. Geographical Magazine 36.6: 336-343.
Stopp, M. and G. Mitchell.
2010 'Our Amazing Visitors': Catherine Cartwright's Account of Labrador Inuit in England. Arctic 63(4): 399-413.
Stopp, Marianne.
2002 Reconsidering Inuit Presence in Southern Labrador. Études/Inuit/Studies 25(2): 71-106.
Trudel, F.
1980 Les relations entre les Français et les Inuit au Labrador Méridional, 1660-1760. Études/Inuit/Studies 4(1-2): 135-146.
Tuck, James
1985 1984 Excavations at Red Bay, Labrador. In Archaeology in Newfoundland and Labrador 1984, edited by J.S. Thomson and C. Thomson, pp. 224-247. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's.
Whitridge, Peter
2008 Reimagining the Iglu: Modernity and the Challenge of the Eighteenth Century Labrador Inuit Winter House. Archaeologies 4(2): 288-309.
Whitridge, Peter and James Woollett
2009 2008 Fieldwork at Green Island 6 and Napaktok Bay 1, Northern Labrador. Provincial Archaeology Office 2008 Archaeology Review 7: 147-154.
Woollett, James M.
2007 Labrador Inuit Subsistence in the Context of Environmental Change: An Initial Landscape History Perspective. American Anthropologist 109(1): 69-84.
Woollett, James
2003 An Historical Archaeology of Labrador Inuit Culture Change. Ph.D. Thesis, City University of New York, New York.
Primary Sources
LABRADOR POST RECORDS
(Hudson's Bay Company Archives are a division of
the Archives of Manitoba, Winnipeg)
| Document Reference No. | Document Type | Years | Reel No. |
| AILLIK | |||
| Post Number: B.241 | Years Covered: 1855-1876 | ||
| B.241/a/1-6 | Post Journals | 1855-1870 | 1M2 |
| B.241/a/7-10 | 1871-1876 | 1M994 | |
| CARTWRIGHT | |||
| Post Number: B.259 | Years covered: 1860-1942 | ||
| B.259/a/1-5 | Post Journals | 1886-1891 | 1M996 |
| B.259/a/6-18 | 1891-1907 | 1M997 | |
| B.259/a/19-27 | 1907-1925 | 1MA12 | |
| B.259/27-32 | 1924-1942 | 1MA13 | |
| B.259/b/1 | Correspondence Books | 1894-1900 | 1M1040 |
| B.259/c/1 | Correspondence Inward | 1885-1918 | 1MB15 |
| B.259/c/1 | 1885-1918 | 1MB16 | |
| B.259/d/1-12 | Account Books | 1874-1894 | 1M1347 |
| B.259/d/12-29 | Some accounts are found under correspondence | 1876-1916 | 1M1348 |
| B.259/d/29-31 | books | 1894-1904 | 1M1349 |
| B.259/e/1-5 | Reports on Districts | 1891-1901 | 1M1254 |
| B.259/z/1 | Miscellaneous Items | 1860-1870 | 1M874 |
| B.259/z/2 | 1871-1901 | Not filmed | |
| CUL-DE-SAC | |||
| Post Number: B:48 | Years covered: 1845-1846 | ||
| Document Reference No. | Document Type | Years | Reel No. |
| B.48/a/1 | Post Journals (includes accounts.) |
1845-1846 | 1M38 |
| DAVIS INLET | |||
| Post Number: B.52 | Years covered: 1869-1928 | ||
| B.52/a/1-2 | Post Journals | 1869-1872 | 1M41 |
| B.52/a/3-16 | 1872-1895 | 1M1001 | |
| B.52/a/16-28 | 1891-1905 | 1M1002 | |
| B.52/a/29-37 | 1906-1926 | 1MA21 | |
| B.52/a/38 | 1927-1928 | 1MA22 | |
| B.52/b/1 | Correspondence Books | 1901-1909 | 1M1058 |
| B.52/b/1 | 1901-1909 | 1M1059 | |
| B.52/b/2 | 1909-1915 | Not filmed | |
| B.52/c/1 | Correspondence Inward | 1869 | 1M270 |
| B.52/c/2 | 1871-1900 | 1MB18 | |
| B.52/c/2 | 1871-1900 | 1MB19 | |
| B.52/c/3 | 1901-1910 | Missing | |
| B.52/d/1-15 | Account Books | 1871-1887 | 1M1373 |
| B.52/d/15-24 | 1883-1895 | 1M1374 | |
| B.52/d/24-36 | 1877-1903 | 1M1375 | |
| B.52/d/36-46 | 1895-1908 | 1M1376 | |
| B.52/d/46-58 | 1905-1911 | 1M1377 | |
| B.52/d/58-78 | 1881-1920 | 1M1378 | |
| B.52/d/78-89 | 1872-1911 | 1M1379 | |
| B.52/e/1-8 | Reports on Districts | 1889-1911 | 1M1255 |
| B.52/z/1 | Miscellaneous Items | 1869-1870 | 1M875 |
| B.52/z/2-3 | 1871-1910 | Not filmed | |
| FRENCHMAN'S ISLAND | |||
| Post Number: B.410 | Years covered: 1928-1932 | ||
| B.140/a/1-2 | Post Journals | 1928-1932 | 1MA24 |
| GRADY HARBOUR | |||
| Post Number: B.479 | Years covered: 1874-1879 | ||
| B.479/d/1 | Account Books | 1875-1878 | 1M1400 |
| B.479/d/1-2 | 1874-1879 | 1M1401 | |
| B.479/z/1 | Miscellaneous Items | 1875-1879 | Not filmed |
| HEBRON | |||
| Post Number: B.418 | Years covered: 1926-1942 | ||
| B.418/a/1-3 | Post Journals | 1926-1942 | 1MA29 |
| HOPEDALE | |||
| Post Number: B.420 | Years covered: 1926-1942 | ||
| B.420/a/1-5 | Post Journals | 1926-1942 | 1MA30 |
| KAIPOKOK | |||
| Post Number: B.95 | Years covered: 1838-1880 | ||
| B.95/a/1-3 | Post Journals (Contain correspondence.) | 1850-1854 | 1M65 |
| B.95/a/4-8 | 1855-1866 | 1M66 | |
| B.95/a/9 | 1876-1877 | 1M1007 | |
| B.95/c/1 | Correspondence Inward | 1838 | 1M271 |
| B.95/d/1-2 | Account Books | 1846-1867 | 1M500 |
| (Some accounts are found under post journals.) | |||
| B.95/z/1 | Miscellaneous Items | 1848 | 1M878 |
| B.95/z/2 | 1880 | Not filmed | |
| Document Reference No. | Document Type | Years | Reel No. |
| E.37/15 | Private Records associated with this post are available. |
1845-1846 | 4M133 |
| FORT LAMPSON | |||
| Post Number: B.112 | Years covered: 1867-1874 | ||
| B.112/a/1 | Post Journals | 1874 | 1M1007 |
| B.112/a/1 | 1874 | 1M1008 | |
| B.112/d/1 | Account Books | 1867-1868 | 1M509 |
| E.285 | Private Records associated with this post are available. |
1864 | Not filmed |
| MAKKOVIK | |||
| Post Number: B.437 | Years covered: 1926-1941 | ||
| B.437/a/1-3 | Post Journals | 1926-1941 | 1MA38 |
| MICHIKAMAU HOUSE | |||
| Post Number: B.128 | Years covered: 1845-1849 | ||
| B.128/a/1-3 | Post Journals | 1845-1849 | 1M79 |
| Some post journals contain correspondence and/or accounts. |
|||
| NACHVAK | |||
| Post Number: B.138 | Years covered: 1868-1905 | ||
| B.138/z/1 | Post Journals | 1868-1869 | 1M96 |
| B.138/a/2-10 | 1871-1905 | 1M1012 | |
| B.138/e/1-3 | Reports on Districts | 1889-1895 | 1M1257 |
| B.138/z/1 | Miscellaneous Items | 1902 | Not filmed |
| NAIN | |||
| Post Number: B.443 | Years covered: 1926-1941 | ||
| B.443/a/1-3 | Post Journals | 1926-1941 | 1MA43 |
| FORT NASCOPIE | |||
| Post Number: B.139 | Years covered: 1842-1869 | ||
| B.139/a/1-12 | Post Journals | 1842-1858 | 1M96 |
| B.139/a/13-17 | Some post journals contain correspondence. |
1858-1863 | 1M97 |
| B.139/c/1 | Correspondence Inward | 1847 | 1M377 |
| B.139/d/1 | Account Books | 1867-1868 | 1M539 |
| B.139/d/2 | 1868-1869 | 1M540 | |
| NORTH WEST RIVER | |||
| Post Number: B.153 | Years covered: 1836-1920 | ||
| B.153/a/1-11 | 1836-1851 | 1M105 | |
| B.153/a/12-21 | 1850-1871 | 1M106 | |
| B.153/a/22-32 | Post Journal | 1871-1893 | 1M1013 |
| B.153/a/33-44 | 1893-1905 | 1M1014 | |
| B.153/a/45-49 | 1905-1920 | 1MA45 | |
| B.153/b/1-4 | Correspondence Books | 1838-1851 | 1M217 |
| Some correspondence is found under post journals. |
|||
| B.153/c/1 | Correspondence Inward | 1838-1859 | 1M377 |
| B.153/d/1 | Account Books | 1836-1837 | 1M541 |
| B.153/e/1-2 | Reports on Districts | 1838 | 1M781 |
| B.153/e/3-8 | 1889-1910 | 1M1257 | |
| B.153/g/1-6 | Abstracts of Servants' Accounts | 1859-1872 | 1M796 |
| B.153/z/1 | Miscellaneous Items | 1836-1870 | 1M886 |
| Document Reference No. | Document Type | Years | Reel No. |
| B.153/z/2 | 1888-1903 | Not filmed | |
| NUTAK | |||
| Post Number: B.448 | Years covered: 1941-1942 | ||
| B.448/a/1 | Post Journals | 1941-1942 | 1MA46 |
| OKAK | |||
| Post Number: B.451 | Years covered: 1927-1928 | ||
| B.45/a/1 | Post Journals | 1927-1928 | 1MA47 |
| RIGOLET | |||
| Post Number: B.183 | Years covered: 1836-1928 | ||
| B.183/a/1-15 | 1838-1860 | 1M122 | |
| B.183/a/16-23 | 1860-1872 | 1M123 | |
| B.183/a/24-30 | Post Journals | 1872-1892 | 1M1020 |
| B.183/a/31-36 | 1892-1906 | 1M1021 | |
| B.183/a/37-42 | 1906-1924 | 1MA59 | |
| B.183/a/42-47 | 1923-1942 | 1MA60 | |
| B.183/b/1a-2 | 1861-1872 | 1M219 | |
| B.183/b/3 vol 1 | 1875-1886 | 1M1145 | |
| B.183/b/3 vol 1-2 | 1875-1894 | 1M1146 | |
| B.183/b/3 vol 2-4 | Correspondence Books | 1883-1900 | 1M1147 |
| B.183/b/3 vol 4-5 | Some correspondence is found under post journals. |
1897-1902 | 1M1148 |
| B.183/b/3 vol 5-6 | 1900-1906 | 1M1149 | |
| B.183/b/3 vol 6 | 1902-1906 | 1M1150 | |
| B.183/b/4 vol 1 | 1887-1892 | 1M1150 | |
| B.183/c/1 | Correspondence Inward | 1841-1858 | 1M380 |
| B.183/c/2 | 1875-1943 | 1MB96 | |
| B.183/d/1-3 | Account Books | 1836-1870 | 1M579 |
| B.183/d/4-5 | Some accounts are found under post journals. |
1866-1911 | 1M1571 |
| B.183/e/1-8 | Reports on Districts | 1886-1911 | 1M1258 |
| B.183/z/1 | Miscellaneous Items | 1836-1872 | 1M892 |
| B.183/z/2-5 | 1858-1956 | Not filmed | |
| ST. JOHN'S AGENCY | |||
| Post Number: B.476 | Years covered: 1918-1932 | ||
| B.476/a/1-11 | Post Journals | 1918-1932 | 1MA63 |
| B.476/e/1 | Reports on Districts | 1919-1920 | Not filmed |
| FORT TRIAL | |||
| Post Number: B.374 | Years covered by the records: 1858-1861 | ||
| B.374/a/1-2 | Post Journals | 1858-1861 | 1M146 |
| WINOKAPAU | |||
| Post Number: B.237 | Years covered: 1863-1874 | ||
| B.237/a/1-5 | Post Journals (Vol. 1 contains correspondence.) |
1863-1869 | 1M154 |
| B.237/a/6 | 1873-1874 | 1M1027 | |