Analogous
        Wings
Bird, Pterosaur, & Bat forelimbs as analogous Wing Structures

    Bird, Pterosaur, and Bat forelimbs are homologous as limb structures, with respect to the sequential relationship of humerus, radius, ulna, and digits as inherited independently from flightless ancestors. They are analogous as flight structures: note in particular that the digits are arrayed in radically different patterns in the flight surfaces of the three different patterns.


Text © 2021 by Steven M. Carr