Scala Naturae

Scala Naturae, the Great Chain of Being

    Medieval philosophers placed all components of the world into an ordered series, from coal and other minerals at the bottom to humans at the top, "a little lower than the Angels." Here, this ladder is figured as stepping stones [Note "Plante," "Homo," "Deus"] leading to the Holy City (which looks not unlike Rome).


14th century woodcut; All text material © 2019 by Steven M. Carr