Mirounga Alpha Male, female, & pup

Variation in reproductive success of Elephant Seals (Mirounga angustirostis)

Reproductive success of male Elephant Seals is highly biased: the "alpha male" sires >90% of pups, the large majority of males none. Most females had at least one pup (from Futuyma 1998).


Text material © 2018 by Steven M. Carr