is a survey of the structure, function and interrelations of Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Topics include an exploration of the physical and chemical properties of planetary materials, forces driving and sustaining Earth systems, and biological modifiers (including humankind) on the Earth today.

Lectures: Three hours per week.

Laboratories: Three hours per week.

explores Earth's present structure and environment, the product of 4.5 billion years of planetary evolution, from the rock and fossil record. Examples, illustrated with rocks, fossils and maps, are selected from the geological history of North America, with particular emphasis on Newfoundland and Labrador.

Lectures: Three hours per week.

Laboratories: Three hours per week.

Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 1000.

is an introduction to a broad range of concepts concerning the development of the geological record and the Earth; practical methods for collection of field based data; topics in map interpretation and geometric analysis, stratigraphy, paleontology, structure and petrology. The course is presented with an emphasis on the development of practical skills needed to pursue a career in Earth Sciences.

Lectures: Three hours per week.

Laboratories: Three hours per week.

Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 1000.

is basic astronomy of the Solar System, tracing the search to understand motion of the Sun, Moon and planets in the sky; modern observations of planets, moons, comets, asteroids and meteorites and what they tell us about the origin and evolution of the Solar System.

Prerequisite: Mathematics 1000 (or 1081).

is an outline of the major changes in life forms from Archean times through the Phanerozoic to the present day, including details of invertebrate and vertebrate faunas and major floral groups; mechanisms and effects of mega-, and microevolution in the fossil record; biology and classification of organisms and summaries of their geological significance in biostratigraphy, paleoecology and rock-building; relationships between major cycles of evolution and extinction to global processes. This course has a laboratory component.

Prerequisites: EITHER Biology 2120 (or Biology 1001 and 1002) and Earth Sciences 1002; OR Biology 2122 and 2210.