FACULTY OF SCIENCE

- Major* or Honours* in Chemistry
- Joint Honours in Chemistry and Earth Sciences*
- Joint Honours in Chemistry and Applied Mathematics*
- Joint Honours in Chemistry and Biochemistry*
- Joint Honours in Chemistry and Physics*
- Minor in Chemistry

CHEMISTRY PROGRAMS AND REGULATIONS

The following undergraduate programs are available in the department:

* These programs are accredited by the Canadian Society for Chemistry.

Details of joint programs are given after the Honours B.Sc. Regulations.

UNDERGRADUATE HANDBOOK

Additional information about the undergraduate program, individual courses and suggested timetables can be found in the Department of Chemistry Undergraduate Handbook which is available on the web at www.chem.mun.ca.

FACULTY ADVISORS

Each student majoring in Chemistry will be assigned a Faculty Advisor who should be consulted on all academic matters. Individual programs must be drawn up in consultation with the advisor.

NOTE: Students who have obtained a grade of 3 or better on the Advanced Placement courses in Chemistry will normally be eligible for direct entry into Chemistry 1031 or second year courses. Such students must consult the department before registration.

MINOR IN CHEMISTRY

Candidates who take a minor in Chemistry will complete Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or 1010, 1011 and 1031) or equivalent, 2400, 2401, 2210, 2300 and 6 credit hours in courses chosen from 3100, 3211, 3300, 3301, 3410, 3411 and 3500.

GENERAL DEGREE-MAJOR IN CHEMISTRY

The courses required for a Major in Chemistry are:

a) Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or 1010, 1011 and 1031) or equivalent, 2300, 2210, 2400, 2401, 3100, 3211, 3300, 3301, 3410, 3411, 3500 and 4110.
b) Physics 1050 (or 1020 and 1021), 1051 and 2820.
c) Mathematics 1000, 1001, 2000, 2050 and Applied Mathematics 3260.

Recommended courses: Biochemistry 2100 and 2101, Mathematics 2051, Physics 2055 and 2750, and 6 credit hours in one of the following languages: French, German, or Russian.

Students considering declaring Chemistry as their Major are encouraged to contact either the Department Head or the Deputy Head (Undergraduate Studies).

HONOURS DEGREE IN CHEMISTRY

Students wishing to take Honours should consult those sections of the Calendar dealing with 'Regulations for the Honours Degree of Bachelor of Science'. The Honours program in Chemistry consists of at least 66 credit hours in Chemistry courses. It is recommended that candidates also take groups of 18 or more credit hours in each of two other science subjects, normally Biochemistry, Biology, Earth Sciences, Physics, or Mathematics.

Required Courses
a) Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or 1010, 1011 and 1031) or equivalent, 2300, 2210, 2400, 2401, 3100, 3211, 3300, 3301, 3410, 3411, 3500, 4110, 4300, 4302, 490A/B, 6 credit hours selected from courses with initial digits 42, and a selection from the remaining 4000-level courses.
b) Physics 1050 (or 1020 and 1021), 1051 and 2820.
c) Mathematics 1000, 1001, 2000, 2050 and Applied Mathematics 3260.

Recommended courses: Biochemistry 2100 and 2101, Mathematics 2051, Physics 2055 and 2750.

A thesis based on a selected research topic carried out under the supervision of a member of the department is to be submitted in the final year.

Chemistry 490A/B will normally require the equivalent of 9 hours/week for 2 semesters. Registration in Chemistry 490A/B is restricted to those students who have honours standing. Evaluation of the dissertation will be pass/fail, assessed by a committee comprising the supervisor and two other faculty members.

With approval of the Heads of the Chemistry and Biochemistry Departments prior to registration, a number of courses in Biochemistry may be substituted for a like number of Chemistry courses.

Six credit hours in one language are recommended: French, German or Russian should be selected in consultation with the Department Head.

Prospective Honours students in Chemistry in their first year should take

a) Six credit hours in English.
b) Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or 1010, 1011 and 1031) or their equivalents.
c) Physics 1050 and 1051 or 1020 and 1021.
d) Mathematics 1000 and 1001.
e) Six credit hours in other courses.

Given appropriate circumstances the Honours Chemistry program may be completed in four years. Students should consult the Undergraduate Student Handbook for timetabling details.

NOTE: Students completing first year requirements for any of Chemistry, Mathematics or Physics via the three course options (i.e. Chemistry 1010, 1011, 1031 (or 1800, 1200, 1001), Mathematics 1090, 1000, 1001, Physics 1020, 1021, 1051) instead of the two course options (Chemistry 1050, 1051, Mathematics 1000, 1001, Physics 1050, 1051) will require the corresponding number of extra credits to obtain an Honours degree.

Arrangements for subsequent years will depend on the other science subjects being studied and should be made in consultation with the Head of the Department.

NOTE: Certain advanced courses may only be offered in alternate years. Candidates therefore should consult the Head of the Department before registration.

Certain of the Graduate courses may be taken in the final year of the Honours Program with the permission of the Head of the Department.

NOTE: Details of Joint Honours programs with Biochemistry, Earth Sciences, Mathematics and Physics as outlined under JOINT PROGRAMS.

CHEMISTRY COURSE LIST

COURSE RESTRICTIONS

Credit will be given for no more than one of Chemistry 1000, 1010, 1050, 1200, 150A/B, no more than one of Chemistry 1001, 1031, 1051, 150A/B, and no more than one of Chemistry 1001, 1011, 1051, 150A/B.

COURSE LIST

NOTE: Attendance for ALL Chemistry Laboratory sessions is mandatory. Failure to attend may result in a failing grade or deregistration from the course.

1010 (F) and 1011 (W). Introductory Chemistry I and II. Descriptive chemistry; atomic structure; chemical bonding; periodicity illustrated by the chemistry of selected elements; mole concept and stoichiometry; physical properties of matter; energetics; rates of reaction; chemical equilibrium; electrochemistry.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 1010 is a prerequisite for Chemistry 1011.
Lectures: Four hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.

1031. Introductory Chemistry III (F/S). This course prepares students who have completed Chemistry 1010 and 1011 for Chemistry 2210, 2300 and 2400. It augments the topics covered in Chemistry 1010 and 1011 with the greater depth and problem solving emphasis of Chemistry 1050 and 1051.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 1011 and Mathematics 1000.
Lectures: Four hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.

1050 (F) and 1051 (W). General Chemistry I and II. The topics will be similar to 1010/1011 but will be treated in greater depth with an emphasis on problem solving.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 1000. Mathematics 1000 may be taken concurrently with Chemistry 1050. Chemistry 1050 and Mathematics 1000 are prerequisites for Chemistry 1051.
Lectures: Four hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
NOTES: 1): For entry to Chemistry 1050 students must have
i) achieved at least 80% in high school Chemistry 3202 and
ii) successfully completed high school Advanced Mathematics 3205.
2) Other students, including those with no high school chemistry background, will take Chemistry 1010. It is recommended that students have at least 70% in high school Academic Mathematics 3204, or a pass in any university level mathematics course.
3) Only six science credit hours will be awarded for a major or honours in Chemistry from the following course groups: Chemistry 1010/1011/1031, or Chemistry 1800/1200/1001 (Sir Wilfred Grenfell College).

2210. Introductory Inorganic Chemistry (W). Chemistry of selected s, p, and d block elements. Introduction to crystal and molecular structures and to molecular orbital and crystal field theories.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 1051 (or 1001 or 1031), Mathematics 1000.
Lectures: Three per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.

2300. Introductory Physical Chemistry (F) and (W). Introductory chemical thermodynamics and equilibria. Complementary laboratory work with an emphasis on quantitative analysis.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 1051 (or 1001 or 1031), Mathematics 1001, Physics 1051 or 1021.
Lectures: Three per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.

2400. Introductory Organic Chemistry I (F). Bonding involving carbon; conformations and sterochemistry; introduction to functional groups and nomenclature; properties, syntheses and reactions of hydrocarbons, alkyl halides and alcohols.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 1051 or 1031; or Chemistry 1010 and 1011 with a grade of at least 80% in each; or Chemistry 1011 with a grade of at least 85%; or Chemistry 1001 with a grade of at least 65%.
Lectures: Three per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
NOTE: Credit will not be given for more than one of Chemistry 2400, 2420, 2440 and 240A/B.

2401. Introductory Organic Chemistry II (W). An introduction to the interpretation of infrared, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra; properties, syntheses and reactions of ethers, simple aromatic compounds, ketones, aldehydes, amines, carboxylic acids and their derivatives; aldol and related reactions.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 2400.
Lectures: Three per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
NOTE: Credit will not be given for more than one of Chemistry 2401, 2420, 2440, and 240A/B.

2440. Organic Chemistry for Biologists (F) & (W). An introduction to the principles of organic chemistry with an emphasis on material relevant to biological molecules. The laboratory will introduce techniques and illustrate concepts covered in the course.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 1011 (or 1001 or 1051).
Lectures: Three per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
NOTE: This course is designed primarily for Biology Majors. It may not be used for credit by Chemistry or Biochemistry Majors and may not serve as a prerequisite for any other Chemistry course. Credit may be obtained for only one of Chemistry 2400, 2420, 2440, 240A/B.

3100. Analytical Chemistry I (F) and (W). Treatment of data, gravimetric analysis, volumetric analysis including oxidation-reduction titrations using electrochemical techniques, the use of specific ion electrodes, and titrations in non-aqueous systems. Spectrophotometric trace analysis and titration.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 2300.
Lectures and Laboratories: Not more than seven hours per week.

3211. Inorganic Chemistry (W). A detailed examination of the structure, bonding, and chemistry of the d block elements.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 2210 and 2300.
Lectures: Three per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.

3300. Physical Chemistry I (F). The laws of thermodynamics, calorimetry, thermochemistry, equilibrium constants. Introduction to thermodynamics of non-ideal gases. Topics will include partial molal quantities, phase equilibria, thermodynamics of solutions, activity coefficients of non-electrolytes, the Gibbs-Duhem equation.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 2300, Mathematics 2000, Physics 1051 and 2820. Physics 2820 may be taken concurrently with Chemistry 3300.
Lectures: Three per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.

3301. Physical Chemistry II (W). Electrical conductivity of solutions, electrochemical cells, equilibrium constants of weak electrolytes, activity coefficients of electrolytes. Elementary theoretical chemistry, introduction to quantum mechanics, statistical interpretation of thermodynamic functions of ideal gases, and kinetic theory of gases. Chemical kinetics including relaxation techniques and mass transport phenomena.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 3300 and Applied Mathematics 3260.
Lectures: Three per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.

3410. Bio-organic Chemistry (F). A study of the major classes of biomolecules, their structure, function, and in vitro chemistry. An introduction to natural products. Synthetic polymers compared to biopolymers. Heteroaromatic molecules and derived biomolecules.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 2401. It is recommended that Chemistry 3500 be taken concurrently.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
NOTE: Students may obtain credit for only one of Chemistry 3410 and the former Chemistry 3401.

3411. Synthetic Organic Chemistry I (W). A survey of some important reactions used in organic synthesis, including pericyclic reactions and those based on carbocation, carbene, nitrene and carbanion intermediates. Emphasis is placed on multifunctional compounds.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 3410, or all of Chemistry 2401, Biochemistry 2100 and Biochemistry 2101.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
NOTE: Students may obtain credit for only one of Chemistry 3411 and the former Chemistry 3400.

3500. Spectroscopic Analysis: Spectroscopy and Structure (F). Application of spectroscopic methods to the determination of molecular structure. Emphasis will be placed on electronic, vibrational and rotational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 2210, 2300, 2401. Physics 2750 is strongly recommended.
Lectures and Laboratory: Not more than six hours per week.

3600. Marine Chemistry (W). - inactive course.

4110. Analytical Chemistry II (F). Error treatment, atomic emission and absorption spectroscopy, chromatographic and other separation techniques, electroanalytical chemistry, mass spectrometry, x-ray spectroscopy, ion and electron spectroscopy.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 3100 and 3300. Chemistry 3300 may be taken concurrently with Chemistry 4110.
Lectures and Laboratories: Not more than six hours per week.
NOTE: Students may obtain credit for only one of Chemistry 4110 and the former Chemistry 4100 and for only one of Chemistry 4110 and the former Chemistry 4101.

4150. Advanced Spectrometric Techniques. - inactive course.

4151. Analytical Separations and Organic Mass Spectrometry. Advances in the traditional chromatographic techniques, the development of new analytical tools in separation science, the interfacing of mass spectrometers to chromatographic instruments, and other mass spectrometric techniques.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 4110, which may be taken concurrently (or Chemistry 4100 or Chemistry 4101)
Lectures and Laboratories: Not more than six hours per week.

4152. Electroanalytical Techniques. The principles and theory of dynamic electrochemistry, voltammetry, stripping analysis, electro-chemical sensors and detectors.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 4110, which may be taken concurrently (or Chemistry 4100 or Chemistry 4101).
Lectures and Laboratories: Not more than six hours per week.

4201. Coordination Chemistry in Biological Molecules - Structural, Mechanistic and Magnetic Studies. The role of certain transition elements e.g. iron, copper, cobalt, and zinc, in proteins and enzymes will be discussed in terms of structural features, the natural ligands, magnetic properties, mechanisms, etc., and reinforced with examples of 'model compounds'. Magnetic theory, in particular for polynuclear transition metal complexes, will also be developed.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 3211.
Lectures: Three per week.

4202. Selected Topics in Main Group Chemistry. - inactive course.

4203. Organometallic Chemistry. - inactive course.

4204. Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis. A survey of inorganic and organometallic reactions, their mechanisms and kinetic characteristics. In addition, stereochemical non-rigidity, reactions of coordinated ligands and homogeneous catalysis are discussed.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 3211.
Lectures: Three per week.

4205. Photochemistry of Transition Metal Complexes. An introduction to the thory of electronic excited states in transition metal complexes. Applications to artificial photosynthesis, photodynamic therapy, molecular photovoltaics and molecular electronics.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 3211 and 3301 (which may be taken concurrently).
Lectures: 3 hours per week.

4300. Advanced Physical Chemistry I: Quantum Mechanics and Spectroscopy (F).Solutions of the Schrodinger wave equation by means of second order differential equations and operator and matrix methods. Electronic spectra of atoms, and the rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic and triatomic molecules. Chemical bonding.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 3301.
Lectures: Three per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.

4302. Statistical Thermodynamic (W). Probability theory, ensembles, quantum statistical thermodynamics of ideal gases, perfect crystals, metals and radiation. Semiclassical statistical thermodynamics, distribution functions, dense gases and liquids.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 4300.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week
NOTE: Students may obtain credit for only one of the former Chemistry 4301 and Chemistry 4302.

4350. Advanced Physical Chemistry III: Selected Topics in Physical Chemistry (W). - inactive course.

4411. Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. - inactive course.

4420. Physical Organic Chemistry (F). An introduction to the quantitative and qualitative theories of reactions and reactivity and their application to organic reaction mechanisms and to mechanism elucidation.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 3301, and 3401 or 3411. Chemistry 3500 is strongly recommended.
NOTE: Students may obtain credit for only one of Chemistry 4420 and the former Chemistry 4400 and for only one of Chemistry 4420 and the former Chemistry 4401.

4430. Synthetic Organic Chemistry II (W). Modern synthetic methods with particular attention placed on the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched compounds and newer methods for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Designing syntheses of complex organic molecules.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 3401 or 3411. Chemistry 4420 is strongly recommended.
NOTE: Students may obtain credit for only one of Chemistry 4430 and the former Chemistry 4410.

490A/B. Honours Thesis.

COMPUTER SCIENCE

a) Major in Computer Science
b) Honours in Computer Science
c) Honours in Computer Science (Software Engineering)(B.Sc. only)
d) Computer Internship Option (CIIO) (B.Sc. and B.Sc. Honours only)
e) Minor in Computer Science
f) Applied Mathematics/Computer Science Joint Major (B.Sc. only).
g) Computer Science/Statistics Joint Major (B.Sc. only)
h) Computer Science/Pure Mathematics Joint Major (B.Sc. only)
i) Computer Science/Geography (Cartography option) Joint Major (B.Sc. only)
j) Computer Science/Physics Joint Major
k) Computer Science/Pure Mathematics Joint Honours (B.Sc. only)
l) Computer Science/Statistics Joint Honours
m) Computer Science/Geography (Cartography option) Joint Honours (B.Sc. only)
n) Computer Science/Physics Joint Honours.
o) Joint Degree of Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Commerce (Co-operative)
p) Computer Science/Economics Joint Major (B.Sc. Only)

COMPUTER SCIENCE PROGRAMS AND REGULATIONS

The following undergraduate programs are available in the Department:

Details of our joint program offerings in the Faculties of Arts, Science, and Business Administration may be found under the heading JOINT PROGRAMS following the heading REGULATIONS FOR THE HONOURS DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE.

MAJOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

1) Forty-five credit hours in Computer Science courses are required for a major in Computer Science:

a) Computer Science 1710, 2710, 2711, 2742, 2760, 3715, 3716, 3719, 3724, 3725, 3754, and 4770.
b) At least 6 additional credit hours at the 4000-level in Computer Science courses.
c) Three additional credit hours in Computer Science courses at the 3000 level or beyond.

2) Additional courses required of the Majors are: Mathematics 2000, 2050, Statistics 2510, and PM 2320.

NOTE: Students are encouraged to take Business 2000, Mathematics 3000, and Statistics 2560.

HONOURS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

1) See General Regulations for the Honours Degree (B.A. or B.Sc. as appropriate).

2) Sixty-three credit hours in Computer Science courses are required for the Honours Degree in Computer Science, including:

a) Computer Science 1710, 2710, 2711, 2742, 2760, 3715, 3716, 3719, 3724, 3725, 3754, 4770, and 4780.
b) Eighteen additional credit hours in Computer Science at the 4000 level.
c) Six additional credit hours in Computer Science courses at the 3000 level or beyond.

3) Additional courses required of the Majors are: Mathematics 2000, 2050, Statistics 2510, and PM 2320.

NOTE: Students are encouraged to take Business 2000, Mathematics 3000, and Statistics 2560.

HONOURS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE (SOFTWARE ENGINEERING) (B.Sc. ONLY)

Completion of the Honours in Computer Science (Software Engineering) Program does not qualify persons to hold the designation "Professional Engineer" as defined by various Provincial Acts governing the Engineering Profession.

1) See General regulations for the Honours Degree (B.Sc.).

2) Sixty-three credit hours in Computer Science courses are required for the Honours Degree in Computer Science (Software Engineering), including:

a) Computer Science 1710, 2710, 2711, 2742, 2760, 3715, 3716, 3718, 3719, 3724, 3725, 3754, 4716, 4719, 4759, 4770, and 4780.
b) Nine additional credit hours in Computer Science courses at the 4000 level.
c) Three additional credit hours in Computer Science courses at the 3000 level or beyond.

3) Additional courses required of the Majors are: Mathematics 2000, 2050, Statistics 2510, and PM 2320.

NOTE: The Honours project (4780) must be in the area of Software Engineering.

COMPUTER INDUSTRY INTERNSHIP OPTION (CIIO):

The CIIO provides an opportunity for qualified students to obtain rewarding jobs in computer industries for several months of continuous duration, and, at the same time, to gain practical skills in an employment situation during their course of studies.

The CIIO is available to Computer Science Majors (B.Sc. and B.Sc. Honours only).

Application requirement:

a) Applicants must have successfully completed at least CS1710, CS2710, CS2711, CS2742, CS2760, CS3715, CS3719 and CS3724.

b) Applications for the internship will not be considered if all computer science courses required for the CS major/honours degree will have been completed prior to the beginning of the internship.

c) Admission to the CIIO is subject to academic performance.

Internship duration:

Subject to the availability of job openings, a student may choose either an 8, 12 or 16 consecutive month internship period.

Internship placement:

A competition for internship employment is organized by the Department Co-ordinator (hereafter referred to as Co-ordinator).

A student who has applied to the internship program gives permission to the Co-ordinator to supply prospective employers with copies of his/her resume.

A student who has been accepted to the CIIO may obtain his/her own internship placement outside the competition. Such jobs must be confirmed by the employer, and must be subject to the approval of the Co-ordinator and the Head of the Department of Computer Science.

A student who withdraws from an internship program, after a placement, without any reason of grievance, will not be accepted in the internship program again in the future.

Students are not permitted to drop internship periods without prior approval from the Co-ordinator and the Head of the Department of Computer Science. Students who drop an internship period without permission, or who fail to honour an agreement to work with an employer, or who conduct themselves in such a manner as to cause their discharge from the job, will normally be awarded a fail grade for that internship period.

NOTE: Students should also refer to the GENERAL ACADEMIC REGULATIONS (UNDERGRADUATE).

Expectation of work

The student is expected to submit, within a month from starting his/her internship, a plan of the intended work for the internship period. The student is also required to submit a progress report due in the last week of each semester. The plan of intended work and progress reports are to be submitted to the Coordinator.

At the end of the internship period, the student is required to submit a final report which will include the description of the project, the objectives, the goals, and the duties of the intern; it would also include a history of the intern’s activities and accomplishments. The final report is to be submitted to the Coordinator by the first day of examinations.

Registration, Assessment of Performance, and Assignment of Grades

Students must register for the course CS3700 every semester during their internship.

CS3700 is a non-credit course open only to students who have been accepted into the Internship Program.

Student performance evaluations are to be completed by the employer and returned to the Co-ordinator. Evaluations are requested every four months. In the evaluation form, the intern also can include his/her comments.

The overall assessment of work performed during the entire internship period is the responsibility of the Co-ordinator, and will be done based upon input from the employer and the final report submitted by the intern.

Assessment of performance will result in the assignment of one of the following grades in the final semester of internship:

a) Pass with Distinction: Indicates EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE in both the work report and work performance.

b) Pass: Indicates that PERFORMANCE MEETS EXPECTATIONS in both the work report and the work performance.

Fail: Indicates FAILING PERFORMANCE in the work report or the work performance.

Also, the following will be noted in the transcript of the intern:

Requirements for the Computer Industry Internship Option have been completed. Internship Duration: - months.

A grade of NC (No Credit) for CS3700 will be awarded in all semesters of the Internship Option prior to the final semester.

CIIO and Honours Program:

In case a student is enrolled in both the Honours program and the CIIO, the requirements of both must be met. Upon approval from the honours project supervisor, within the Department, the employer and the head of the Department of Computer Science, an internship project may be submitted as a component of an honours project. These arrangements must be made within the first semester of the Internship placement.

MINOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

1) For a Minor in Computer Science, a student must complete at least 24 credit hours in Computer Science courses, including: Computer Science 1710, 2710, 2711, 2742, 2760.

2) The remaining 9 credit hours in Computer Science courses must be at the 3000 level or above.

COURSE NUMBERING SCHEME

There are five areas of Computer Science offered in the 3000- and 4000-level courses. The meaning of the third digit of a course number is as follows:

1- Programming Languages
2- Computer Systems
3- Numerical Computations
4- Theoretical Aspects
5,6- Applications (e.g. Artificial Intelligence, Computer Graphics, Data Base, Robotics, Computational Geometry, Image Processing, Computer Networking, Computer Aided Design)
7 - Project Course
8- Honours Project
9- Directed Readings

SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS

Supplementary examiniatons will be allowed in certain Computer Science courses which have written examiniations. Students should refer to the Faculty of Science degree regulations for details.

FACULTY ADVISORS

The Department has an Undergraduate Advisor for Computer Science majors to consult with on academic matters.

UNDERGRADUATE HANDBOOK

Additional information about the undergraduate Computer Science programs and courses can be found in the Computer Science Undergraduate Handbook available from the General Office, Department of Computer Science.

COMPUTER SCIENCE COURSE LIST

FIRST YEAR COURSES

1600. Basic Computing and Information Technology (F) & (W). This course offers an overview of computers and information technology. It provides students with the knowledge necessary to answer questions, such as: What is a computer system? How does it work? How is it used? This is done through the use of popular spreadsheet, word processing and database software packages and the Internet. Social issues and implications will also be included.
Prerequisite: Level III Advanced Mathematics or Mathematics 1090, which can be taken concurrently.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
NOTE: Students can receive credit for only one of Computer Science 1600, Computer Science 2650 or Computer Science 2801.

1700. Introduction to Computer Science (F) & (W). This course lays the foundation for the art and the science of computing. The course contains fundamental and topical issues in computers, languages, programming and applications. This course is designed for potential Computer Science majors without a background in programming, but is also available for non majors.
Prerequisite/Co-requisite: Mathematics 1090 (or equivalent), or Mathematics 1000.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.

1710. Object-Oriented Programming I (F) & (W). An introduction to fundamental programming techniques, primitive data types and operations, program control structures and the use of objects, classes and methods.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 1090 (or equivalent), or Mathematics 1000, which can be taken concurrently.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
NOTE: Students who have previously completed Computer Science 2710 will not be permitted to register or receive credit for Computer Science 1710.

SECOND YEAR COURSES

2602. Computer Programming in FORTRAN (F) & (W). Introduction to computers and their use; and the FORTRAN programming language and its application to the computer solution of numeric and non-numeric problems.
Prerequisite: Mathematics 1000.
NOTE: Students who have received credit for the former Computer Science 2600, or the former 2601, or the former 2800 cannot receive credit for Computer Science 2602.

2650. Introduction to Computing and Information Technology (F) & (W). This course provides a broad overview of hardware and software components of computer systems, their structure, and principles of operation. The topics include algorithmic problem solving, visual programming, operating system services, computer networks, elements of artificial intelligence and societal issues. In addition to three one-hour lectures, there will be three hours per week of structured laboratory sessions. Internet and microcomputer software tools in the Windows environment are introduced.
Prerequisite: Level III Advanced Mathematics, Mathematics 1090 or Mathematics 1000 which can be taken concurrently.
NOTE: Students can receive credit for only one of Computer Science 1600, Computer Science 2650 or Computer Science 2801.

2710. Object-Oriented Programming II (F) & (W). Continuing from Object-Oriented Programming I, this course studies object-oriented and event-driven programming. Additional topics include: recursion, basic analysis of algorithms, fundamental data structures such as simple linked structures and stacks, and fundamental computing algorithms such as binary search and quadratic time sorting. A brief overview of programming languages, virtual machines and language translations is also provided.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 1710.

2711. Introduction to Algorithms and Data Structures (F) & (W). This course includes the study of standard ways of organizing and manipulating data in computer storage. Fundamental concepts in the design and analysis of algorithms are also discussed.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratory: Three hours per week.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 2710.
NOTE: It is recommended that students complete Computer Science 2742 prior to registering for Computer Science 2711.

2742. Logic for Computer Science (F) & (W). This course is an introduction to propositional and predicate logic with applications. The use of the system of boolean logic in reasoning and circuit design, as well as basic proof techniques and the resolution principle, for both propositional and predicate logic, will be covered. Concepts involving sets will be used to illustrate different types of proof techniques. The probable intractability of boolean logic and Goedel’s incompleteness theorem will be presented.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 1710.

2752. Introduction to Business Data Processing (F). - inactive course.

2760. Encountering the Computer: Society and the Individual (F) & (W). This course examines social, ethical, legal and cultural issues surrounding the use of computers in modern society. These broader social issues are followed by an examination of the use of social and individual psychology in user interface design. Students will be expected to demonstrate an understanding of these issues both directly (through verbal and written discourse) and practically, as applied to the creation of actual software artifacts.
Prerequisites: Two 1000-level English courses, or equivalent.
Co-requisite: Computer Science 2710.

2801. Introductory Computing for Business (F) & (W). This course introduces students to computer applications in business, document processing, application development, decision support, and information management. A three hour laboratory is required.
Prerequisite: Level III Advanced Mathematics, Mathematics 1090 or Mathematics 1000 which can be taken concurrently.
NOTE: Students can receive credit for only one of Computer Science 1600, Computer Science 2650 or Computer Science 2801.

THIRD YEAR COURSES

3700. Industrial Experience (F) & (W). Students who are admitted to CIIO are required to register for this non-credit course every semester during their internship. This course is open only to students who have been accepted into the Internship Program and provides an opportunity for qualified students to obtain rewarding job experience of 8, 12 or 16 months of continuous duration, during the course of their studies.
Prerequisite: Admission to the Computer Industry Internship Option (CIIO).

3710. Vocational Languages (W). Study of several programming languages of vocational significance (e.g. a selection from C, C++, Prolog, Perl, Python and LISP). The use of appropriate programming paradigms to solve some significant problems.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 2711.

3711. Algorithms and Complexity (F) & (W). This course introduces the most common and effective algorithm design techniques (e.g. divide and conquer, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms). The theory of NP - completeness is also discussed. Examples will be drawn from various fields such as graph theory and string matching
Prerequisite: Computer Science 2711 and 2741.
To be offered for the last time in Fall 2005.
NOTE: Credit cannot be obtained for both Computer Science 3711 and Computer Science 3719.

3714. Programming Languages and their Processors (F) & (W). This course reviews typical elements of (imperative) programming languages, and then discusses language implementations in the form of compilers and interpreters. The topics include specification of syntax and semantics of programming languages, discussion of expressions and assignments, side effects, control structures, data and procedural abstractions, parameter passing mechanisms, bindings, scopes, and type systems. The recursive-descent technique is used for illustrations of different aspects of syntax analysis, code generation and error recovery. Language interpreters are discussed for both low-level and high-level languages.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 3719 and 3724.

3715. Network Computing with WEB Applications (F) & (W). The course studies how distributed applications (e.g., client/server Web applications) are constructed using the Internet. Topics covered include: the socket interface for network communication, client/server applications, browser scripting using Javascript, content generation for web applications (e.g., jsp, php), html/css documents, and the use of cryptography to handle security.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 2711.

3716. Software Methodology (F) & (W). Software is developed by gathering the requirements of the software program, analyzing the requirements to create a development model, and creating the software and documents for the software product. This course studies techniques for all three software development activities.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 2711.

3717. Symbolic Computation and Recursion (W). An exposure to symbolic computation with emphasis on recursive programming techniques using the programming language, SCHEME.
Prerequisites/Co-requisites: Computer Science 2711 and 2742.

3718. Programming in the Small (F). The main objective of this course is to demonstrate the tools and techniques used in the construction of small software systems. The software tools and techniques to be covered include analysis and design of software components, software construction tools (e.g. linkers, builders, debuggers), software library use and design, and system integration.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 2711 and Pure Mathematics 2320.

3719. Algorithms and Complexity (F) & (W). This course includes (1) advanced algorithm design strategies based on complex data structures and non-standard (parallel / distributed / randomized / approximate) models of computation and (2) analysis techniques for proving polynomial-time intractability and general uncomputability. The latter involves an introduction to abstract models of computation via the formal languages, grammars, and automata of the Chomsky Hierarchy.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 2711 and Pure Mathematics 2320.
To be offered for the first time in Winter 2006.
NOTE: Credit cannot be obtained for both Computer Science 3711 and Computer Science 3719.

3723. Logic Design (F). - inactive course.

3724. Computer Organization (F) & (W). All computers are machines that operate by repeatedly fetching and executing instructions from memory. Computer organization can be studied at the digital logic implementation level, the instruction set architecture level, and the translation of programming languages to the underlying machine instruction level. This course studies computer organization at these levels.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 2711 and Computer Science 2742.
Co-requisite: Pure Mathematics 2320.

3725. Computer Architecture and Operating Systems (F) & (W). System design and the architectural implementations of these designs are covered in this course. The objective is to develop the basic concepts of processor design, memory management, operating systems, and I/O devices and their interactions.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3724.

3731 Numerical Methods (W). The development of algorithms for the numerical solution of mathematical problems and the study of the numerical stability of these algorithms are the main objectives of this course. The efficiency of these algorithms with respect to speed and storage requirements is considered as well. Emphasis is also placed on the study of the sensitivity of selected problems to perturbations in the data. There is also a brief introduction to the development of numerical algorithms that take advantage of advanced computer architectures, such as pipeline processors, array processors and parallel processors.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 2000, and one Computer Science 2602 or 2710.
NOTE: Credit cannot be obtained for both Computer Science 3731 and Applied Mathematics 3132.

3740. Abstract Machines, Languages and Computations (F) & (W). This course provides an introduction to formal languages, formal grammars and computations. The topics include regular languages, regular expressions, deterministic and nondeterministic finite automata, formal grammars, Chomsky hierarchy, context-free grammars and languages, ambiguity, pushdown automata, Turing machines, recursive and recursively enumerable languages, Church-Turing thesis, and the concept of algorithm, universal Turing machines, decidability, reducibility.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 2711 and Pure Mathematics 2320.

3751. Computational Aspects of Operations Research (W). - inactive course.

3753. Computational Aspects of Linear Programming (F). An introduction to the Linear Programming Problem (LPP). The emphasis is placed upon developing the most recent and numerically reliable algorithms for the solution of the Linear Programming Problem. The numerical stability of these algorithms will be examined as well. Geometric understanding of the LPP. Simplex method for the LPP. Sparse matrix LPP. Duality and postoptimality analysis. Extensions to the simplex algorithm. Principles of interior algorithms for the LPP.
Prerequisite: Mathematics 2050, and one of Computer Science 2602 or 2710.

3754. Introduction to Information and Intelligent Systems (F) & (W). This course introduces students to application areas that are away from usual number-based and text-based processing. Students will learn the basic concepts and become aware of the historical developments and social and ethical issues related to the application areas such as intelligent systems and information management. This exposure will help students to become knowledgeable about managing large volumes of data and dealing with problems that are well defined but whose algorithmic solutions are not feasible or problems that are fuzzily defined.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 2711 and Computer Science 2742.

3790. Directed Readings. - inactive course.

FOURTH YEAR COURSES

4711. Structure of Programming Languages (F). Programming language design considerations; syntactic and semantic structure; survey of typical features and operations; analysis of facilities for control and data structuring; language extensibility; execution models; formal specification of programming languages.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3714.

4712. Compiler Construction (W). - inactive course.

4715 and 4717. Special Topics in Programming Languages.

4716. Software System Design and Implementation (W). This course studies the methodology of developing well-engineered large-scale software systems. It introduces the principal paradigms of software design and implementation and provides hands-on practice of software engineering concepts and object-oriented techniques (with CASE tools) in project team environments.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3716.

4718. Software Methodology (F) & (W). This course introduces methods and tools for developing, managing, and maintaining large-scale software systems. The life-cycle of software development is covered with special emphasis. The topics discussed include development models and environments, project management, requirement engineering, design and programming techniques, software validation, maintenance, and re-engineering.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 3719. Students are encouraged to take Computer Science 3718 prior to doing this course.

4719. Software Specification (F). The primary emphasis in this course is on the mathematical specification of software in Z. Z is a mathematical notation based on sets, functions, and relations, using schemas to place logical constraints on sets of values. The basic of Z notation and schema calculus will be presented, followed by examples of the use of Z. In addition, some elementary features of a pure functional programming language will be presented to further support the advantages of a mathematical treatment of software.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 3716 and 3719.

4721. Operating Systems Principles (F) & (W). This course provides an introduction to the main concepts and techniques used in operating systems. The topics include history of operating systems, structures of operating systems, process management, process coordination, deadlocks, memory management, secondary storage management, file management, security and protection issues, elements of distributed operating systems, and selected case studies.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3725.

4723. Introduction to Microprocessors (F). The architecture and instruction sets for several microprocessors are examined. The use of microprocessors as device controllers; comparisons of hardware and programed techniques; microprocessor interfacing with external devices; methods of I/O; bus structures; modern microprocessor support devices are discussed.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3724.
Lecture: Three hours per week.
Laboratory: Minimum of three hours per week. Practical experience with basic principles will be obtained through laboratory experience.

4725. Introduction to LSI Design (W). - inactive course.

4726-4729. Special Topics in Computer Systems.

4734. Matrix Computations and Applications (W). An introduction to linear algebra; solution to linear systems; scaling, improving and estimating accuracy; the linear least squares problem; the eigenvalue problem; singular value decomposition of a matrix; the generalized eigenvalue problem.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3731.

4735. Advanced Matrix Computations and Applications (F). - inactive course.

4736-4739. Special Topics in Numerical Computations.

4741. Theory of Abstract Automata and Formal Languages (W). This course covers more advanced topics of abstract automata, formal grammars and languages. They include timed and stochastic automata, probabilistic grammars, tree automata and languages, cellular automata, matrix grammars, controlled rewriting systems, and L-systems. Applications in computer graphics, visualization and digital images, and modeling of systems are used as illustrations of the formalisms.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3740.

4742. Computational Complexity (F). This course is an in-depth discussion of computational complexity theory. Topics covered in the course include: models of computation (for both serial and parallel computations); complexity measures; reducibility; complexity classes (NP, PSPACE, NC, LOGSPACE and P); and randomized computations.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3719.

4745-4749 (excluding 4748). Special Topics in Theoretical Aspects.

4748. Introduction to the Science of Complexity (F). This course is an exploration of the use of computers in the simulation of complex systems. Some theories and models, such as cellular automata, artificial life, fractals, genetic algorithms, chaos, and evolution will be discussed and will be used in the modelling of “real-life” systems. The approach in this course is practical. Students have to write a number of programs of different levels of sophistication including a final project.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3719.

4751. Computer Graphics (F). Display devices, display processors, display file compilers, display transformations, structured display files, graphical input devices, perspective, hidden line elimination, languages and graphics systems.
In addition to three one-hour lectures, there will be a minimum three hour laboratory per week, to be scheduled by the Department.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 3719 and Mathematics 2050.

4753. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (F). Selected topics from AI programming languages; problem solving; search and heuristic search; game-playing; knowledge-based systems; pattern recognition; computer vision; natural language understanding; and machine learning.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 3719 and 3754.

4754. Data Base Systems (F). Data Base as a new approach to data processing; survey of 3 different types of data base systems: relational, hierarchical and network; security and integrity; comparison studies of some existing systems.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 3725 and 3754.

4755-4769 (excluding 4756, 4759, 4761 and 4762). Special Topics in Applications.

4756. Image Processing (W). Lectures will centre on the key analytical and algorithmic tools and concepts of digital image processing. Topics will include Transformations, Enhancement, Encoding, Data Bases, Segmentation and Description.
In addition to three one-hour lectures, there will be a three hour laboratory per week, to be scheduled by the Department.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3719.

4759. Computer Networks (W). The operation of computer networks requires the following: a) communication between two computers, b) information transfer between two computers not directly connected, and c) services that need computer communication. This course focuses on the standard solutions and services used to fulfill the previous requirements. These include: physical transmission of signals, reliable communication based on unreliable communication channels, the routing of messages between connected computers to reach computers that are not directly connected, e-mail, file transfer, name servers, remote terminal access and the World Wide Web. Particular attention will be placed on the workings of the Internet.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3725.

4761. Human-Computer Interaction (W). User modelling, task analysis, user-interface design, environments and toolkits, prototyping, user psychology, empirical methods, usability analysis. Representative methods, techniques, and tools are applied to the design and development of human-computer systems.
Prerequisites: Computer Science 2760 and 3719 and Statistics 2510.

4762. Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology (W). This course will give an overview of computational problems and algorithms for these problems associated with a variety of analyses of biological molecular data.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3719.

4770. Team Project (F) & (W). The objective of this course is to develop a working prototype of a software system as a team effort. A group of students will work on a project for a team, experiencing the advantages and difficulties of team projects.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 3716.

4780. Honours Project. This course introduces computer science honours students to research activities, familiarizes them with a special problem in computer science, and provides independent study on an advanced topic under the direct supervision of a member of the computer science faculty. The topic is decided in consultation with the supervisor. The student is required to produce a written report on the project, to include the literature search on the topic, and to present this work at a departmental seminar prior to the last week of the semester.
Prerequisite: Consent of the Head of Department.
NOTE: This course is only available to students who have been accepted into the honours program.

EARTH SCIENCES

Major in Geography (B.A. or B.Sc)
Honours in Geography (B.A. or B.Sc)
Minor in Geography
Joint Programs
Focus in Geography
Diploma in Geographic Information Sciences

EARTH SCIENCES PROGRAMS AND REGULATIONS

The following undergraduate programs are available:

120 credit hour programs
- Honours or General degrees in Earth Sciences
- Joint Honours in Earth Sciences/Physics
- Joint Honours in Geography/Earth Sciences
- Joint Honours in Geophysics/Physical Oceanography
- Joint Major in Earth Sciences/Physics

135 credit hour programs
- Joint Honours in Biology and Earth Sciences
- Joint Honours in Earth Sciences/Chemistry

24 credit hour program
- Minor in Earth Sciences

Although Honours programs can be completed in 120 credit hours, students who do not select the prescribed common block of required courses will normally need more than 120 credit hours to satisfy degree requirements.

Details of joint programs are given after the Faculty of Science Honours B.Sc. regulations.

UNDERGRADUATE HANDBOOK

Additional information about the undergraduate program, individual courses and suggested timetables can be found in the Department of Earth Sciences Undergraduate Handbook which is available on the web at www.esd.mun.ca.

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS

In order to be formally admitted to major programs in Earth Sciences, students must have successfully completed 3 first-year credit hours in each of the following departments: English, Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Chemistry and Physics; these courses must be selected from the list of required courses for degree programs in Earth Sciences. Students are encouraged to declare their major in their first year of study at the university.

Most of the 2000 level Earth Sciences courses that are required for major and minor programs in Earth Sciences have Physics and Chemistry prerequisites, and students are advised to complete these prerequisites in their first year of study.

Students will not normally be permitted entry to 3000-level (or above) Earth Sciences courses without having completed all 1000 level courses listed in the COMMON BLOCK OF REQUIRED COURSES specified in point a) in the 'Major Programs in Earth Sciences'.

MINOR IN EARTH SCIENCES

A Minor in Earth Sciences will consist of the following:

a) Earth Sciences 1000, 1002, 2030, 2031, 2401 or 2702.

b) Nine credit hours chosen from Earth Sciences courses at the 2000 level or higher with at least 3 credit hours from courses at the 3000 level or higher. Credit hours from Earth Sciences 2150, 2311, 2914, 2915, 2916, 4310 and 4950 cannot be used to fulfil this requirement.

Several of the courses at 3000 level or higher have Earth Sciences 2502 and 2905 as co- or prerequisites.

MAJOR PROGRAMS IN EARTH SCIENCES

Programs in Earth Sciences consist of a common block of required courses (below), and additional courses that depend on the degree being sought.

COMMON BLOCK OF REQUIRED COURSES

All majors in Earth Sciences must complete those courses specified in points (a) through (d). Students should examine prerequisites of 3000-level courses in order to decide which course to select under points (c) and (d).

a) English 1080 and 1110 (or equivalent), Mathematics 1000 and 1001, Earth Sciences 1000 and 1002, one of Chemistry 1010 or 1050 (or equivalent) and one of Chemistry 1011 or 1051 (or equivalent), Physics 1050 and 1051 or Physics 1020* and 1021*.

*Students who intend or are required to complete higher level Physics courses must complete Physics 1051 as well, since it is a prerequisite for higher level Physics courses. Students should review the Department of Physics calendar entry for these courses. Students will receive credit for only two first year Physics courses if they take Physics 1020, 1021 and 1051.

b) Earth Sciences 2030, 2031, 2401, 2502, 2702, 2905.

c) Mathematics 2000 or Statistics 2510.

d) Biology 2120 (or Biology 1001 and 1002), or Physics 2055.

Students must ensure that the prerequisites for Earth Sciences courses are fulfilled. Great difficulties in timetabling may be encountered if the required first-year courses are not completed before the beginning of second year.

HONOURS B.SC. DEGREE IN EARTH SCIENCES

Geoscientific careers vary widely in required background. The Honours B.Sc. program is designed with considerable choice in order that students may personalize their programs based on career goals. Note that the flexibility afforded by this program is not without limits. Some courses have prerequisites, and it is ultimately the student's responsibility to ensure that these prerequisites are satisfied. Students should consult faculty members and the departmental Student Handbook for guidance in selecting courses appropriate to particular career paths.

In addition to the COMMON BLOCK OF REQUIRED COURSES listed under MAJOR PROGRAMS IN EARTH SCIENCES, the following requirements must be completed to qualify for the Honours B.Sc. degree in Earth Sciences:

a) Earth Sciences 499A and 499B.

b) At least 31 additional credit hours from Earth Sciences courses at 3000 and/or 4000 levels with a minimum of 12 credit hours from courses at the 4000 level. Credit hours from Earth Sciences 2150, 2914, 2915, 2916, 4310 and 4950 cannot be used to fulfil this requirement.

c) Six credit hours from the Faculty of Science courses numbered 2000 or higher. Credit hours from Earth Sciences courses, Biology 3811 and the former Physics 2050 are excluded.

d) Additional credit hours selected to conform with regulations for the Honours Degree of Bachelor Science so as to achieve a total of 120 credit hours. Students are encouraged to complete a minor in another department.

GENERAL B.Sc. DEGREE IN EARTH SCIENCES

In addition to the COMMON BLOCK OF REQUIRED COURSES listed under MAJOR PROGRAMS IN EARTH SCIENCES, the following requirements must be completed to qualify for the General B.Sc. degree in Earth Sciences:

a) Twenty-one additional credit hours from Earth Sciences courses at 3000 and/or 4000 levels with a minimum of 9 credit hours from courses at 4000 level. Credit hours from Earth Sciences 2150, 2914, 2915, 2916, 4310, 4950 and 499A/B cannot be used to fulfill this requirement.

b) Six credit hours from Science Faculty courses numbered 2000 or higher. Credit hours from Earth Sciences courses, Biology 3811 and the former Physics 2050 are excluded.

c) Additional credit hours selected to conform with regulations for the General Degree of Bachelor Science so as to achieve a total of 120 credit hours. Students are encouraged to complete a minor in another department.

Students are advised that this is the minimum requirement for the General B.Sc. in Earth Sciences. Many provinces, including Newfoundland and Labrador, have legislation requiring registration of professional geoscientists. A basic requirement for registration is, in most cases, the course equivalent of an Honours B.Sc. degree. Students intending to make a career in Earth Sciences should consider taking the Honours Degree program of courses, regardless of whether honours standing is maintained.

TABLE OF CREDIT RESTRICTIONS FOR PRESENT EARTH SCIENCES COURSES WITH FORMER COURSES

PRESENT	FORMER EQUIVALENTS
ES 1000	ES 1010, GEOL 1000, GEOL 1010
ES 1001	ES 1011, GEOL 1001, GEOL 1011
ES 2030	ES 203A, GEOL 203A
ES 2031	ES 203B, GEOL 203B
ES 2150	PHYS 2150
ES 2310	ES 2300, ES 2900, GEOL 2900
ES 2400	ES 2161, ES 2070, PHYS 2070
ES 2401	ES 3400, ES 3120, GEOL 3120
ES 2502	ES 2501, ES 3200, GEOL 3200
ES 2702	ES 3701, ES 3070, GEOL 3070
ES 2905	ES 2310, ES 2300, ES 2900, GEOL 2900
ES 2914	ES 2414, GEOL 2414
ES 2915	ES 2415, GEOL 2415
ES 3053	ES 3050, ES 3052, GEOL 3050
ES 3054	ES 2503 and ES 3053
ES 3055	ES 2503 and ES 3053
ES 3161	ES 3160, PHYS 3160
ES 3170	PHYS 3170
ES 3172	ES 3171, PHYS 3171
ES 3210	GEOL 3210
ES 3400	ES 3120, GEOL 3120
ES 3611	ES 4611
ES 3701	ES 3070, GEOL 3070
ES 3811	ES 3801, ES 2801, GEOL 2801
ES 4053	GEOL 4053
ES 4054	ES 4052, GEOL 4052
ES 4160	PHYS 4160
ES 4171	PHYS 4171
ES 4179	ES 4970, PHYS 4970
ES 4211	GEOL 4211
ES 4302	ES 4501, GEOL 4501
ES 4310	GEOL 4310
ES 4312	ES 4311, ES 4111
ES 4901	ES 4320, ES 400A, GEOL 400A
ES 4400	ES 4120, GEOL 4120
ES 4502	ES 4201, GEOL 4201
ES 4601	GEOL 4601
ES 4700	GEOL 4700
ES 4800	ES 4110, GEOL 4110
ES 499A/B	ES 4991, GEOL 4991

GENERAL NOTES FOR ALL EARTH SCIENCES PROGRAMS AND COURSES

NOTES: 1) Students wishing to pursue study within the programs offered by Earth Sciences are strongly advised to keep in close contact with the Department to discuss course programs before registration in order to maintain proper sequencing.

2) Students wishing to take some Earth Sciences courses without intending to major in Earth Sciences should consult with the Head of Department (or delegate) to determine the courses most suitable to their needs and capabilities. Earth Sciences 2914, 2915, 2916 and 2150 are especially suitable for such students and have no Earth Sciences prerequisites.

3) Most courses comprise six hours of instruction per week, usually three hours of lectures or seminars and a three-hour laboratory period; however, at an advanced level other methods of instruction may be adopted.

4) Consult the notes of field courses 2905, 3905 and 4905 for additional information. These courses require payment of a participation fee to cover costs for logistics and equipment. Registration for these courses will be by application only and may be competitive.

5) The prerequisites for courses 4302, 4902 and 4903 refer to core courses in the Faculty of Science. For the purposes of these prerequisite statements, core courses are defined as those courses that are specified by each department as mandatory to fulfil the course requirements for their General or Honours programs.

6) Certain of the 4000-level courses may not be offered every year.

7) At most 6 credit hours in courses at the 1000-level can be used towards the course requirements in Earth Sciences for the Major, Minor, Joint Major, Honours or Joint Honours.

EARTH SCIENCES COURSE LIST

The first digit of each course number designates the level (year) of the course. The second digit indicates the area of Earth Sciences into which the course best fits, as follows:

Second Digit
0 - mineralogy and petrology
1 - geophysics
2 - economic geology
3 - stratigraphy and marine geology
4 - structural geology and tectonics
5 - geochemistry
6 - technical fields and petroleum geology
7 - sedimentation, geomorphology
8 - paleontology
9 - general and dissertation

FIRST YEAR

1000. Earth Systems. A survey of the structure, function and interrelations of Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Topics include an exploration of the physical and chemical properties of planetary materials, forces driving and sustaining Earth systems, and biological modifiers (including humankind) on the Earth today.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratories: Three hours per week.

1001. Evolution of Earth Systems. Earth's present structure and environment, the product of 4.5 billion years of planetary evolution, are explored from the rock and fossil record. Examples, illustrated with rocks, fossils and maps, are selected from the geological history of North America, with particular emphasis on Newfoundland and Labrador.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratories: Three hours per week.
Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 1000.

1002. Concepts and Methods in Earth Sciences. Introduction to a broad range of concepts concerning the development of the geological record and the Earth; practical methods for collection of field based data; topics in map interpretation and geometric analysis, stratigraphy, paleontology, structure and petrology. The course is presented with an emphasis on the development of practical skills needed to pursue a career in Earth Sciences.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratories: Three hours per week.
Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 1000.

SECOND YEAR

2030. Mineralogy (F). Introduction to crystallography and the structure of minerals; introduction to crystal optics; study of the rock forming minerals and minerals of economic significance. Laboratory work comprises study of the structures and symmetries of minerals, chemistry of rock forming minerals, introduction to transmitted light microscopy of rocks, hand specimen recognition of common rocks and minerals.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 1000, Chemistry 1011 (or 1051 or equivalent), Physics 1051 (or 1021 or 1054), and its Mathematics prerequisite are strongly recommended.
Co-requisite: Earth Sciences 2502.
NOTE: See credit restriction under Earth Sciences 2031.

2031. Mineralogy and Petrography (W). Topics include: petrography and classification of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks; further study of the optical and chemical properties of rock-forming minerals; applications of relevant phase equilibria of minerals. Laboratory work comprises optical mineralogy and petrography of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2030 and 2502.
NOTE: Credit cannot be obtained for both Earth Sciences 203A/B and one or both of Earth Sciences 2030 and 2031.

2150. The Solar System (F) (W). Basic astronomy of the Solar System, tracing the search to understand motion of the Sun, Moon and planets in the sky; modern observations of planets, moons, comets, asteroids and meteorites and what they tell us about the origin and evolution of the Solar System.
NOTE: Earth Sciences 2150 is designed for students taking Earth Sciences as an elective. Earth Sciences 2150 is not acceptable as one of the required courses for the Minor, Major or Honours programs in Earth Sciences.

2311. Geoscience Communication (W). An introduction to the fundamentals of preparation of written and oral geoscience reports, emphasizing organization, correct use of terminology, concise description, preparation of abstracts and introductions, integration of numerical data and publication-quality illustrations, and oral presentation skills. Topics for reports will be selected from the subject matter of other 2000 level Earth Sciences courses.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2905 and 6 credit hours in English.
Lectures: two hours per week.
Tutorials: three hours per week.

2400. Plate Tectonics (W). The concepts of plate dynamics and associated geological processes based on modern observations, and their application to the geological record. Laboratories will include the use of computer modelling techniques and an introduction to the relationship of physical environments of rock formation with plate tectonic setting.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 1002, Chemistry 1011 (or 1051 or equivalent), Mathematics 1000, Physics 1051 (or 1021 or 1054).
NOTE: Credit may not be obtained for both Earth Sciences 2400 and the former Earth Sciences 2161.

2401. Structural Geology (W). Introduction to basic concepts; the physics of rock deformation, the classification and descriptive geometry of major and minor structures and their relationship to stress and strain. Laboratory work will concentrate on analysis of structural orientation data, and the analysis of structures in geological maps and cross-sections.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2905 or permission of the Head of the Department (or Delegate) for students following a minor in Earth Sciences.
NOTES: 1) Earth Sciences majors are advised to complete field course, Earth Sciences 3905, immediately following completion of this course.
2) Credit may not be obtained for both Earth Sciences 2401, and the former Geology 3120 or Earth Sciences 3120 or Earth Sciences 3400.

2502. Introduction to Geochemistry (F). This course provides an overview of both low- and high-temperature geochemistry. Topics include: origin and classification of the elements; chemical differentiation of the solar system and solid Earth; aqueous geochemistry and the stability of minerals; radiogenic and stable isotopes. Geochemical concepts are illustrated using data and processes drawn from Earth systems. The laboratory component emphasizes the development of numerical skills needed in geochemistry.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 1000, Chemistry 1011 (or 1051 or equivalent).
Co-requisite: Mathematics 1001.

2702. Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (F). A study of the origin and composition of sediments with a focus on depositional processes and resulting sedimentary structures. Study of environments of deposition and the stratigraphic framework of sedimentary successions. Laboratories involve local field trips and the study of hand samples of sedimentary rocks.
Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 1002.
NOTE: Credit may not be obtained for both Earth Sciences 2702 and the former Geology 3070 or Earth Sciences 3070 or Earth Sciences 3701.

2905. Introduction to Geological Mapping (F). A two credit hour course based on approximately 6 days of geological mapping in Precambrian rocks near St. John’s, and 2 days of in-class work preparing a digital map and written report. Emphasis is placed on the recognition and description of sedimentary and igneous rocks in the field, and techniques of geological mapping and the taking of field notes.
Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 1002.
NOTE: 1) This course will be given during a special session immediately preceding the fall semester. Entry is by application to the Head of the Department (or delegate) only.
2) Credit may not be obtained for both Earth Sciences 2905 and the former Earth Sciences 2310 or Earth Sciences 2300.

2914. The Earth’s Energy Resources: Past, Present and Future (F). (Same as former Geology 2414 and Earth Sciences 2414). A scientific analysis of the Earth’s energy resources. The history of human exploitation of them; consequences for quality of life, and political and economic power; scenarios for the future.
NOTE: Earth Sciences 2914 is designed for students taking Earth Sciences as an elective subject. This course complements traditional disciplines such as history, economics, and political science and should be of particular interest to teachers. Earth Sciences 2914 is not acceptable as one of the required courses for the Minor, Major or Honours programs in Earth Sciences.

2915. The Earth’s Material Resources: Past, Present and Future (W). (Same as former Geology 2415 and Earth Sciences 2415). A scientific analysis of the Earth’s material resources (metals, non-metals, water). The history of human exploitation of them; consequences for quality of life, and political and economic power; scenarios for the future.
NOTE: Earth Sciences 2915 is designed for students taking Earth Sciences as an elective subject. This course complements traditional disciplines such as history, economics, and political science and should be of particular interest to teachers. Earth Sciences 2915 is not acceptable as one of the required courses for the Minor, Major or Honours programs in Earth Sciences.

2916. Natural Hazards on a Dynamic Earth (W). The surface of the Earth is in a constant state of change, thereby posing risks and challenges for society. An understanding of geological processes in the past and present provides context for evaluating risks related to earthquakes, volcanic activity and mass movements, challenges related to water resources, land-use planning and waste disposal, and the background to interpret sources and consequences of climate change. The course will provide a broad perspective on contemporary issues facing society.
NOTE: Earth Sciences 2916 is designed for students taking Earth Sciences as an elective subject. This course complements traditional disciplines such as history, economics, and political science and should be of particular interest to teachers. Earth Sciences 2916 is not acceptable as one of the required courses for the Minor, Major or Honours programs in Earth Sciences.

THIRD YEAR

3030. Mineralogy and Materials Science. Review of elementary crystallography, introduction to space groups and crystal structures, bonding, properties of metals, semiconductors and insulators, crystallographic aspects of order-disorder, solid solution and mixing. Crystal growth, chemical zoning and diffusion. Phase changes in the solid state (exsolution, polymorphism and polytypism). Students will be introduced to the techniques used to study solids (X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron-microprobe analysis, luminescence, and computer simulation). Laboratory work will emphasize practical skills using these techniques. Examples will be chosen from among minerals, ceramics, semiconductors, metals and glass, making the course suitable for Earth Scientists, Engineers, Chemists and Physicists.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2030 or equivalent; permission of instructor.

3054. High-Temperature Geochemistry and Igneous Petrology (F). An integrated course dealing with the geochemistry, origin and classification of igneous rocks. Topics include trace element geochemistry; physical properties of magmas, physical and chemical processes in magma chambers (fractional crystallization, differentiation, assimilation and partial melting), phase equilibria and application to magmas, petrology of the mantle, and igneous rocks of specific tectonic settings (oceanic lithosphere, continental margins, continental lithosphere). Laboratories include geochemical calculations and examination of rock samples and thin sections.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2031 and 2502.
NOTE: Credit may not be obtained for 3054 and the combination of 3053 and the former 2503.

3055. Thermodynamics and Metamorphic Petrology (W). An integrated course dealing with the geochemistry, origin and classification of metamorphic rocks. Topics include thermodynamic background and kinetics (transfer of mass and energy in geochemical systems of the Earth’s interior, thermodynamic laws, phase equilibria, solid-solid reactions, reaction rates); metamorphic facies, field gradients, isograds and reactions; mineral assemblages and textures of common metamorphic rocks. Laboratories include thermodynamic and phase diagram problems, hand specimen and thin section studies.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2031 and 2502, Mathematics 1001.
NOTE: Credit may not be obtained for 3055 and the combination of 3053 and the former 2503.

3170. Exploration Geophysics I (W). Fundamentals of seismic energy transmission in the Earth; basic methods in seismic exploration - data acquisition, processing and interpretation for refraction and reflection surveys; fundamentals of gravity and magnetic data acquisition, processing and interpretation; introduction to gravity and magnetic modelling. This course has a laboratory component.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 2000 or Statistics 2510.
Prerequisite or Co-requisite: Earth Sciences 2905.

3172. Exploration Geophysics II (F). Introduction to electrical and electromagnetic methods in geophysics applied in mineral exploration, petroleum well logging and environmental studies, and examples of application of various techniques; use of data processing and modelling techniques in interpretation; introduction to radiometric methods used in mineral and petroleum exploration. This course has a laboratory component.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 2000 or Statistics 2510.
Prerequisite or Co-requisite: Earth Sciences 2905.

3179. Geophysical Analysis. Vector Calculus; curvilinear coordinates; line, surface and volume integration; integral theorems; the derivation and application of geophysically important partial differential equations - Laplace's equation to the Earth's gravity and magnetic fields, the diffusion equation to the Earth's heat flow, and the wave equation to electromagnetic and seismological phenomena; geophysical uses of Legendre functions; Fourier analysis in geophysics. This course has a laboratory component to familiarize the student with practical applications of the tools discussed.
Lectures: Three hours per week.
Laboratories: Three hours per week.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 2000, Physics 2055 and 2820.

3210. Economic Mineral Deposits (W). An introduction to the study of mineral deposits and definition of the basic physio-chemical parameters of ore deposit formation. The course involves a systematic review of genetic models for the principal types of metallic mineral deposits, and links these models to a common theme of the relationship between lithosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere interactions and metallogeny. Laboratory exercises involve examination of representative suites of samples from different types of metallic mineral deposits and provide an introduction to the use of reflected light microscopy.
Prerequisites: EITHER Earth Sciences 2031, 2502 and 2905; OR Earth Sciences 2031 and Chemistry 3211; OR Engineering 3610 and Engineering 3205.

3600. Environmental Geology (F). The application of basic concepts and fundamental principles of geochemistry in evaluating natural and human-induced change through time on the interaction of the Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere; includes the effects of contaminants on global change. Laboratory time will be used for short field- based studies and for exercises examining the effects of contaminants on global change.
Prerequisites: EITHER Earth Sciences 2502; OR Earth Sciences 1000, Chemistry 2210 and Chemistry 2300.

3611. Engineering Geology (W). Basic concepts in soil, rock and fracture mechanics; classification of soil, rock and rock masses; special topics include the engineering and environmental aspects and issues of: slope development and underground excavations in soils and rocks; the development of hydroelectric and irrigation projects; the nuclear fuel cycle; resource developments in sensitive terrains. This course includes a laboratory component.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 1001 or permission of instructor.
NOTE: Credit may not be obtained for Earth Sciences 3611 and the former Earth Sciences 4611.

3702. Lithification, Diagenesis and Sedimentary Rock Properties. A conceptual and practical overview of the transformation of sediments into sedimentary rocks through compaction, cementation and mineral reactions, and the resultant modifications of rock composition, rock fabrics, and associated porous media characteristics (e.g. porosity). Both descriptive and analytical methods are integrated in laboratories that include carbonate and sandstone petrology (hand samples and thin sections), geological analysis of selected wireline logs, and the analysis of fluid reservoir properties.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2031, 2702 and 2905.

3811. Paleontology (W). An outline of the major changes in life forms from Archean times through the Phanerozoic to the present day, including details of invertebrate and vertebrate faunas and major floral groups; mechanisms and effects of mega- and micro-evolution in the fossil record; biology and classification of organisms and summaries of their geological significance in biostratigraphy, paleoecology and rock-building; relationships between major cycles of evolution and extinction to global processes. This course has a laboratory component.
Prerequisites: EITHER Biology 2120 (or Biology 1001 and 1002) and Earth Sciences 1002; OR Biology 2122 and 2210.
NOTE: Credit may not be obtained for Earth Sciences 3811 and Biology 3811, or either the former Earth Sciences 3801 or Biology 3800.

3905. Field Methods in Structural Geology and Stratigraphy (W). A one credit hour course based on approximately 5 days of geological mapping in Precambrian rocks near St. John’s. Emphasis is placed on application of techniques of structural analysis. Evenings will be dedicated to data analysis and preparation of structural maps and sections.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2401 and 2905.
NOTE: This course will be given during a special session immediately following the winter semester examination period. Students are advised to complete this course immediately following Earth Sciences 2401. Entry is by application to the Head of the Department (or delegate) only.

FOURTH YEAR

NOTE: Not all Fourth Year courses may be offered every year.

4053. Petrogenesis of Igneous Rocks. This course investigates the origin of topical and important groups of igneous rocks based on experimental petrology, phase equilibria and application of geochemical tools. It further investigates the classification of igneous rocks, including the study of volcaniclastic rocks and aspects of physical volcanology. The laboratory component of the course emphasizes practical aspects of igneous petrology including geochemical characterization and use of hand-sample and field criteria.
Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 3054.

4054. Metamorphic Petrology. Relationships between metamorphism and tectonics, representation and interpretation of metamorphic mineral assemblages using compositional phase diagrams and petrogenetic grids; equilibrium thermodynamics and thermobarometry; determination of P-T-t paths. Laboratories include use of the electron microprobe to collect data for use in calculations of the conditions of formation of metamorphic assemblages, and various types of software applicable to metamorphic petrology.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2401 and 3055.

4105. High Resolution Geophysics. A senior level field based course in high resolution geophysics with an emphasis on environmental applications. Topics to be covered include Ground Probing Radar, methods in refraction seismic, high resolution magnetic surveys, microgravimetry surveys, electrical and electro-magnetic methods. This course has a laboratory component in which students conduct a series of surveys over a specific site and process and interpret the collected data.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 3170, 3172 and 3179.

4171. Exploration Geophysics III. Techniques involved in the acquisition, processing and interpretation of multichannel seismic reflection data. Introduction to elastic properties of rocks. Introduction to advanced processing and interpretation techniques as applied to qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hydrocarbon reservoir characteristics. This course has a laboratory component designed to provide hands-on experience with data processing and interpretation.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 3170 and 4179.

4173. Exploration Geophysics IV. Advanced techniques in electrical and electromagnetic exploration methods including advanced IP, airborne EM surveys, EM and IP modelling, and inversion techniques; advanced methods in gravity and magnetic field exploration techniques including 2 ½-D and 3-D modelling and inversion, map processing techniques, and excess mass determination. This course has a laboratory component.
Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 3170 or 3172; and Earth Sciences 4179.

4179. Digital Signal Processing. Introduction to the theory and basic computational techniques of digital signal processing in geophysics. Topics covered include: sampling, Fourier transformation, design and application of digital filters, deconvolution, spectral analysis, two dimensional signal processing, with emphasis on geophysical applications.
Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 3179.

4211. Economic Geology. A detailed look at the methodologies and techniques used in the study of mineral deposits and their applications in case histories. Laboratory exercises involve solving problem sets using the various types of data from selected case studies.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 3054 or 3055; and Earth Sciences 3210.

4302. Advanced Marine Geology. The geology and geophysics of ocean basins; discussion of methods of oceanic exploration, the history and development of ocean basins, interrelationships between ocean water, marine organisms, sedimentary and igneous processes.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 1001 or 1002 and completion of any 15 credit hours in core courses at the 3000 and/or 4000 levels (see General Note 5) in Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Physics, or Geography.

4310. Earth Science Concepts, Materials and Techniques for Archaeologists. - inactive course.

4400. Advanced Techniques in Structural Geology. Modern techniques of structural analysis applied to fold and fault systems including progressive deformation and strain analysis, fold mechanisms, fold morphology and classification, fold sections and profiles, superposed folding, fault geometry and morphology, brittle and ductile shear zones, and construction of balanced cross-sections. This course includes a laboratory component.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2401 and 3905 and a minimum of 6 credit hours in Earth Sciences at the 3000 level.

4502. Advanced Geochemistry. This course focuses primarily on the application of trace, radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry to constrain the origin, mass balance and chemical fluxes within the Earth’s lithosphere and asthenosphere. The course permits students to complete assignments in aspects of geochemistry that reflect their career interests.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2031 and 2502 and a minimum of 6 credit hours in Earth Sciences at the 3000 level.

4503. Mineral Exploration Geochemistry. An examination of the application of geochemistry to mineral exploration, covering: the lithogeochemical characteristics of ore deposits, their host rocks, and element dispersion from them; the principles of sampling and analysis in exploration geochemistry; approaches to the statistical analysis, graphical presentation, and interpretation of survey results; and the design of effective geochemical surveys. Particular emphasis will be placed on case studies relevant to exploration in Newfoundland and Labrador. Laboratory/seminar sessions involve working with exemplary data sets, using computer-based software for statistical analysis and software for searching large databases and viewing the spatial relationships of different types of map data relevant to the mineral exploration industry.
Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 3210.

4601. Petroleum Origin and Occurrence. Study of the controls on the origin, migration, accumulation and production of petroleum resources, geological and geophysical methods of exploration, and the characterization of reservoir properties. Introduction to basic concepts of the geological interpretation of well logs. This course includes a laboratory component.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2702; and Earth Sciences 3170 or 3172.

4610. Hydrogeology. Geology and its relationship to groundwater occurrence and exploitation: basic theory, groundwater flow systems, surface-groundwater interactions and changes in water quality, field and laboratory techniques, hydrogeological aspects of waste disposal and resource development. This course includes a laboratory component.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2502 or permission of instructor.

4700. Sedimentary Environments and Facies Models. A detailed examination of recent siliciclastic sedimentary environments, their associated facies models, and application of this knowledge to understanding the origin and character of sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs. Laboratories consist of several full-day field exercises in Proterozoic and Paleozoic rocks of the Avalon Peninsula, and core studies of reservoir facies in the Mesozoic Jeanne d’Arc Basin of the Grand Banks.
Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 2702 and a minimum of 6 credit hours in Earth Sciences at the 3000 level.
NOTE: Because of the several full-day field trips (usually on Thursday) and to avoid timetable conflicts, students are strongly advised to not take courses outside the department that have contact hours on the same day as the laboratories in this course.

4800. Advanced Paleontology. (Same as Biology 4800). A field, lecture, laboratory and seminar course dealing with selected topics in general and applied paleontology. Topics include measuring, evaluation and extinction, population paleontology, functional morphology, paleoecology, statistical methods for paleontological studies, and applications in petroleum, mining, and environmental studies.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 3811, and Statistics 2510 or Mathematics 2000.

4901. Tectonic Regimes (F). A lecture and seminar course describing the tectonic regimes of the lithosphere, with emphasis on the interactions of structure, sedimentology, igneous- metamorphic petrology and paleogeography; topics covered include stress and deformation of the lithosphere, and the evolution of passive, conservative and active margins; regional examples will stress North American geology.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2401 and 2702; and Earth Sciences 3054 or 3055.
NOTE: Credit may not be obtained for Earth Sciences 4901 and the former Earth Sciences 4320.

4902. Early Evolution of the Earth (F). - inactive course.

4903. Global Change (W). A lecture and seminar course that studies the interaction of the atmosphere, biosphere and lithosphere; topics covered include the evolution of the biosphere, fluid circulation, global geochemical budget, global environmental changes, and chemical evolution of the hydrosphere.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 1001 or 1002, Biology 2120 or Biology 1001 and 1002 and completion of any 15 credit hours in core courses at the 3000 and/or 4000 levels (see General Note 5) in Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, or Physics; or permission of the instructor.

4905. Field Course in Geological Mapping and Regional Tectonics (F). A two-week field school designed to allow application of techniques introduced in the third year, and to provide an introduction to the Appalachian geology of western and central Newfoundland. Reports must be submitted for grading during the fall semester. The course may be taken by others with the permission of the Head of the Department.
Prerequisites: Earth Sciences 2401, 2702, 3055 and 3905.

4910-4920. Special Topics in Earth Sciences. Lecture and seminar courses given for undergraduates in their fourth or fifth year who wish to gain more specialized knowledge in a particular field of Earth Sciences than is possible through the standard course offerings. The Department will consider suggestions by students for Special Topics courses, but it must be borne in mind that such a course should normally be approved at least three months before the start of the semester in which it is to be taken.
Prerequisites: Permission of the Head of Department.

4950. Technical Report on Geoscience Employment. Preparation of a publication-quality technical report, about 50 pages in length, based on a study undertaken during geoscience employment. The topic and scope of the study must be approved by the Head of Department prior to its commencement. The same study cannot be used as the basis of a dissertation completed for course ES499A/B. Students will present a seminar or seminars on results of the project, and will be closely advised on proper organization and writing of scientific reports. Some directed reading will be required. This course can only be used as an "additional course" under point (c) of the regulations for General degrees, and under point (d) of the regulations for Honours degrees.
Prerequisites: Completion of 9 credit hours in Earth Sciences at 3000 level, and permission of the Head of Department.

499A & 499B. Dissertation. A six-credit hour linked course based on independent study of an approved problem in the Earth Sciences. The subject of study will be decided in consultation with Faculty Advisors and must be approved in advance by the Head of Department. The dissertation cannot be based on the same study used to obtain credit for Earth Sciences 4950. The dissertation is obligatory for Honours students, but may be taken as Science credits by General students with permission of the Head. The first semester will normally involve directed reading, supervised laboratory work, and preparation of a dissertation outline. The second semester will be devoted to data synthesis and interpretation, and to preparation of a formal written report accompanied by appropriate illustrations, to be submitted for grading no later than a formal examination period early in the university examination schedule.

GEOGRAPHY

For Departmental Regulations and Course Descriptions, see Faculty of Arts section of the Calendar.

PROGRAMS IN GEOGRAPHY

The following undergraduate programs are available in the Department:

MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS