Salicaceae Mirbel
Willow family.
Plants shrubs; dwarf shrubs, or low shrubs, or mid shrubs, or tall shrubs, or trees; less than 15 cm high, or more than 15 cm high; 0.5–100.5–650 cm high; not colonial, or forming colonies by layering, or forming rhizomatous or stoloniferous mats; not vegetatively proliferating by bulbils; without milky juice; not glandular viscid. Taproot absent. Stems. Aerial stems erect, or decumbent, or prostrate; not conspicuously jointed; not filiform. Branches yellowish, or gray-brown, or red-brown, or violet, or yellow-brown, or brownish; not glaucous, or thinly glaucous, or thickly glaucous; glabrous, or glabrescent, or hairy; pilose, or villous, or tomentose, or woolly, or with long-silky hairs; epidermis not flaky, or flaky. Branchlets yellow-green, or yellow-brown, or gray-brown, or red-brown, or violet, or brownish; not glaucous, or thinly glaucous, or thickly glaucous; glabrous, or hairy, or glabrescent; puberulent, or pubescent, or pilose, or villous, or with short-silky hairs, or with long-silky hairs; hairs sparse, or moderately dense, or very dense; hairs appressed, or fishhook-curved, or spreading. Bud scale inner membrane free and separating from outer membrane, or free but not separating from outer membrane, or fused to outer layer. Leaves alternate; not distinctly distichous; simple; not heterophyllous; deciduous. Stipules. Stipules present, or absent; leaf-like, or scale-like; not sheathing; brown, or green; without glands; apex acuminate, or acute, or obtuse, or rounded. Petioles. Petioles 1.5–9.493–46 mm long; without sessile glands; glandular dots at the base of the leaf absent, or glandular dots at the base of the leaf present; convex to flat in cross-section, or shallowly concave in cross-section, or deeply concave in cross-section, but margins not covering the groove, or deeply concave in cross-section, margins covering groove; glabrous, or hairy, or glabrescent. Petioles adaxial surface puberulent, or pilose, or villous, or tomentose, or hairs short-silky. Leaves. Juvenile leaves reddish, or yellowish green; glabrous, or hairy; abaxial surface puberulent, or pubescent, or pilose, or villous, or tomentose, or woolly, or hairs long-silky; hair sparse, or moderately dense, or very dense; hair white, or gray. Blades 0.5–7.726–100 cm long; 1–18.16–60 mm wide; length-width ratio 0.7–2.383–4.8; herbaceous, or leathery; oblong, or elliptic, or circular, or lanceolate, or oblanceolate, or obovate; without auricles; flat, or revolute; not septate nodulose; secondary veins impressed into adaxial surface, protruding on abaxial surface, or protruding on adaxial and abaxial surfaces, or flat on adaxial surface, protruding on abaxial surface; secondary veins arising along midrib, or mostly arising at or close to a single point at base and running in recurved arches toward leaf apex; stomata only on abaxial surface, or stomata on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces, or stomata on adaxial surface only present along veins or at apex. Blades adaxial surface dull, or shiny, or highly glossy; glabrous, or glabrescent, or hairy; hairs puberulent, or pilose, or villous, or short-silky, or long-silky; hairs sparse, or moderately dense; hairs white and translucent, or gray, or a mixture of white and rust-coloured. Blades abaxial surface glabrous, or glabrescent, or hairy; not glaucous, or glaucous, or obscured by hairs; pilose, villous, tomentose, hairs short-silky, hairs long-silky, hairs woolly; hairs sparse, or moderately dense, or very dense; hairs white, or translucent, or rust-coloured, or mixture of white, or translucent, and rust-coloured; hairs appressed, or spreading, or erect; hairs straight, or wavy, or curved. Leaf bases cordate, or truncate, or obtuse, or acute, or cuneate, or attenuate, or rounded. Leaves not lobed. Leaf margins glandular-dotted, or serrulate, or crenate, or entire, or serrate; with teeth all around leaf, or toward base only, or toward apex only; with teeth per cm 1–5.923–20. Leaf margins, degree of incision 20–25%. Leaf margins with marginal glands, or with submarginal glands. Leaf apices acuminate, or acute, or obtuse, or rounded, or retuse.
Plants dioecious. Leaf or reduced bract closely associated with the base of the inflorescence without calloused tip. Flowers in inflorescences. Inflorescence a catkin; terminal; without bulbils. Bisexual spike(s) without empty bracts at the base. Inflorescence without involucral bracts. Catkins. Catkins flowering before the opening of leaf buds, or with the opening of leaf buds; catkins terminal on previous year’s shoot, or one to several catkins just below tip of previous year’s shoot, or numerous catkins just below tip of previous year’s shoot. Male catkins. Male catkins densely flowered, or moderately densely flowered, or loosely flowered; 2–25.68–55 mm long; 1.5–10.88–21 mm wide; slender, or stout, or subglobose, or globose, or shape indeterminate; peduncles 0–4.125–26 mm long; borne on a flowering branchlet, or sessile; flowering branchlets 0–6.208–32 mm long. Female catkins. Female catkins densely flowered, or moderately densely flowered, or loosely flowered; 3–43.33–150 mm long; 2–11.6–25 mm wide; slender, or stout, or subglobose, or globose, or shape indeterminate; peduncles 0–8.225–31 mm long; borne on a flowering branchlet, or sessile; flowering branchlets 0–11.8–80 mm long. Flowers unisexual; actinomorphic. Floral scales not reflexed; not falling early. Floral bracts. Floral bracts tawny, or light rose, or brown, or black, or bicolour, or orange brown; widest at base, or widest at middle, or widest toward tip; 0.5–1.946–3.7 mm long; glabrous, or hairy all over, or hairy mainly at apex; hairs sparse, or moderately dense, or very dense; hairs straight, or wavy; entire, or minute undulations. Callus not differentiated. Perianth present. Calyx present; herbaceous; non-accrescent. Petals present; without contrasting markings; not spurred; longer than the calyx. Stamens 1, or 2; filaments all equal in length; free of the corolla; filaments glabrous, or hairy all over, or hairy on lower half, or hairy at base only. Anthers purple, or purple becoming yellow, or reddish becoming yellow; ellipsoid, or stout-cylindrical, or slender-cylindrical, or ovoid, or subglobose; axis straight, or axis twisted; 0.3–0.56–0.9 mm long. Nectaries in bisexual flowers absent. Male flowers. Male flowers abaxial nectaries absent, or one; adaxial nectaries one, or two, or several; adaxial nectaries slender-rod, or broad-rod, or square, or ovate, or half-cup-shaped; adaxial nectaries 0.4–0.7833–1.4 mm long; adaxial nectaries separate, or partially connected at base, or cup-shaped. Female flowers. Female flowers adaxial nectaries absent, or one, or two; unlobed, or two or more lobes; slender-rod, or broad-rod, or square, or ovate; 0.3–0.8933–2 mm long; shorter than stipes, or equal to stipes, or longer than stipes; nectaries separate, or partially connected. Stipes 0–0.7107–2.8 mm long. Ovaries inverse club-shaped, or pear-shaped, or ovate, or inverse turnip-shaped; ovary gradually tapering to style, or slightly bulged at the base of the style, or abruptly tapering to style; glabrous, or hairy; ovary puberulent, or pubescent, or pilose, or villous, or tomentose, or hairs short-silky, or hairs long-silky. Ovary hair in patches or streaks, or sparse, or moderately dense, or dense; white, or translucent, or mixture of white, or translucent, and rust-coloured; appressed, or spreading; straight, or wavy, or crinkled; flattened, or ribbon-like, or cylindrical. Styles present. Styles partially fused; base not enlarged, continuous with the achene. Styles 0.2–1.116–3 mm long. Stigmas slender-cylindrical, or broad-cylindrical, or two plump lobes with continuous stigmatic surface; lobes 0.08–0.4893–1.28 mm long. Placentation axile. Ovules 6–15–34. Fruit. Fruit without calyx persisting; a capsule; 2.2–5.383–9 mm long; glabrous, or hairy, or glabrescent. Legume valves straight. Styles style may persist until dehiscence but is not modified.
Chromosome inforamtion. 2n = 17, 38, 57, 76, 95, 114.
Distribution. Northern hemisphere: Canada.
Cite this publication as: G.W. Argus, C.L. McJannet and M.J. Dallwitz (1999 onwards). ‘Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval.’ Version: 2nd November 2000. http://http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/. Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993, 1995, 2000) should also be cited (see References).