Adams, R.J. and Smith, M.V. 1977. Scanning electron microscope and light microscope studies of pollens of some Leguminosae. J. Apic Research 16: 99106.
Aiken, S.G., Boles, R.L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1999 onwards. Cyperaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification and Information Retrieval. http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/
Aiken, S.G., Boles, R.L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Juncaceae and Liliaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/
Aiken, S.G., Dallwitz, M.J., McJannet, C.L. and Consaul, L.L. 1997. Fescue grasses of North America. Interactive identification and information retrieval. Cd-Rom. Canadian Museum of Nature.
Aiken, S.G. and Darbyshire, S.J. 1990. Fescue grasses of Canada. Agric. Can. Publ. No. 1844/E.
Aiken, S.G. and Lefkovitch, L.P. 1990. Arctagrostis (Poaceae, tribe Pooideae) in North America and Greenland. Can. J. Bot. 68: 24222432.
Aiken, S.G., Consaul, L.L., and Dallwitz , M.J. 1995 onwards. Grasses of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification and Information Retrieval. http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/
Aiken, S.G., Consaul, L.L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1996. Grasses of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: a DELTA database for interactive identification and illustrated information retrieval. Can. J. Bot. 74: 18121825.
Aiken, S.G., Consaul, L.L., and Lefkovitch, L.P. 1995. Festuca edlundiae (Poaceae), a High Arctic, new species compared enzymatically and morphologically with similar Festuca species. Syst. Bot. 20: 374392.
Aiken, S.G., Consaul, L.L., Davis, J.I., and Manos, P.S. 1993. Systematic inferences from variation in isozyme profiles of arctic and alpine cespitose Festuca (Poaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 80: 7682.
Aiken, S.G., Consaul, L.L., Spidle, A., and May, B. 1994. Allozyme and morphological observations on Festuca hyperborea, compared with F. baffinensis and F. brachyphylla (Poaceae) from the Canadian Arctic. Nord. J. Bot. 14: 137143.
Aiken, S.G., Dallwitz, M.J., Consaul, L.L., McJannet, C.L., Gillespie L.J., Boles, R.L., Argus, G.W., Gillett, J.M., Scott, P.J., Elven, R., LeBlanc, M.C., and Zamluk, A.E. 1999 onwards. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification and Information Retrieval. http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/
Aiken, S.G., Dallwitz, M.J., McJannet, C.L., Gillespie, L.J. and Consaul, L.L. 1998. Saxifragaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: a DELTA database for interactive identification and illustrated information retrieval. Can. J. Bot. 76: 20202036.
Alexeev, E.B. 1985. Festuca L. in Alaska and Canada. Novst. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 535.
Andersson, G. and Hesselmman, G. 1900. Bidrag till Kännedomen om Spetsbergens och Beeren Eilands Kärlväxtflora. Bih. t. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 26: 188.
Anon, 1997. Voices from the Bay. Canadian Arctic Resources Committee and the Environmental Committee of Sanikiluaq.
Argus, G.W., and Davis, M.B. 1962. Macrofossils from a late-glacial deposit at Cambridge, Massachusetts. American Midland Naturalist 67: 106117.
Argus, G.W. 1973. The genus Salix in Alaska and the Yukon. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Publications in Botany 2. 279 pp.
Argus, G.W., McJannet, C.L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1999 onwards. Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/
Ball, P.W. and Zoladz, M. 1994. The taxonomy of Carex petricosa (Cyperaceae) and related species in North America. Rhodora, 96: 295310.
Barkworth, M.E. and Atkins, R.J. 1984. Leymus Hochst. (Gramineae: Triticeae) in North America: Taxonomy and distribution. Amer. J. Bot. 71: 609-625.
Barneby R.C. 1964. Atlas of North America Astragalus. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 13: 11188.
Barneby, R.C. 1952. A revision of the North American species of Oxytropis DC. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. IV, 27: 177312.
Barrett, P.E. and Teeri, J.A. 1973. Vascular plants of the Truelove Inlet region, Devon Island. Arctic 26:5867.
Barton, N.H. and Charlesworth, 1984. Genetic revolutions, founder effect, and speciation. Annual Rev. Ecl. Syst. 15: 133164.
Bassirirad, H., Tissue, D. T., Reynolds, J. F., and Chapin, F. S. 1996. Response of Eriophorum vaginatum to a CO2 enrichment at different soil temperatures: Effects of growth, root respiration and PO4-3 uptake kinetics. New Phytologist. 133: 423430.
Bay, C. 1992. A phytogeographical study of the vascular plants of northern Greenland north of 74° northern latitude. Meddelelser om Grønland, Bioscience 36. 102 pp.
Bay, C. 1993. Taxa of vascular plants new to the flora of Greenland. Nordic J. Bot. 13: 247252.
Beerling, D.J. 1998. Salix herbacea L. In, Biological flora of the British Isles. J.. of Ecology 86: 872895.
Bernard, J.M. 1990. Life history and vegetative reproduction in Carex. Can. J. Bot. 68: 14411448.
Bell, K.L. and L.C. Bliss, 1978. Root growth in a polar semi desert environment. Can. J. Bot. 56: 24702490.
Bell, K.L. and L.C. Bliss, 1977. Overwintering phenology of plants in a polar semi desert. Arctic, 20: 118121.
Benson, L. 1948. A treatise on the North American Ranunculi. Amer. Midland. Nat. 40(1): 1-261.
Bliss, L.C. 1962. Caloric and lipid content in alpine tundra plants. Ecology, 43(4): 753-757.
Bliss, L.C. and Svoboda, J. 1984. Plant communities and plant production in the western Queen Elizabeth Islands, Canada. Holarctic Ecology, 7: 325344.
Böcher, T. W. 1952. Contributions to the flora and plant geography of West Greenland III. Vascular plants collected or observed during the botanical expedition to West Greenland 1946. Meddelelser Om Grønland 147: {Salix 1819}
Böcher, T. W. 1954. Oceanic and continental vegetational complex in S. W. Greenland. Meddelelser Om Grønland 148: N 1.
Böcher, T. W., K. Holmen, K. Jakobsen. 1957. Groenlands Flora. Kobenhaven: P. Haase & Sons Forlag. English edition.
Böcher, T.W., Holman, K., and Jakobsen, K. 1968. The flora of Greenland. Copenhagen: P. Haase & Sons.
Böcher, T.W. and Larsen, K. 1950. Chromosome numbers of some arctic or boreal flowering plants. Meddel. Grønland 147: 132.
Boivin, B. 1962, Etudies sure les Oxytropis DC. I. Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) DC. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift Bd. 57., H.4. Uppsala.
Boivin, B. 1967. Enumération des plantes du Canada. VI. Monopsides. Naturaliste Canadien, 94: 471528.
Boivin, B. 1967. Enumération des plantes du Canada. VI. Monopsides. Naturaliste Canadien, 94: 471528.
Boivin, B. 1967. Etudies sur les Oxyptopis DC. Naturalist Canadien. 94:7378.
Borisovskay, G.M. 1985. Leaf structure in some tundra species of the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae). Bot. Zhurn. 12: 16291636.
Bowden, W.R. 1960b. Chromosome numbers and taxonomic notes on northern grasses. III. Twenty-five genera. Can. J. Bot. 38: 541557.
Bowden, W.R. 1961. Chromosome numbers and taxonomic notes on northern grasses. IV. Tribe Festuceae: Poa and Puccinellia. Can.J. Bot. 38: 541557.
Brayshaw, T. C. 1966. Catkin-bearing plants of British Columbia. Victoria: Royal British Columbia Museum.
Bridgland, J and J.M. Gillett 1983. Vascular plants of the Hayes Sound region Ellesmere Island. Can. Field-Nat. 97: 27992.
Britton, N.L. and P.A. Rydberg. 1901. Contributions to the Botany of the Yukon Territory. 4. An enumeration of the flowering plants collected by R.S. Williams and J.B. Tarleton. Bull. N.Y. Bot. Garden 2: 172. 1901.
Brochmann, C. 1992. Pollen and seed morphology of Nordic Draba (Brassicaceae): phylogenetic and ecological implications. Nord. J. Bot. 12: 657673.
Brochmann, C., B. Stedje, and L. Borgen. 1992. Gene flow across ploidal levels in Draba (Brassicaceae). Evolutionary Trends in Plants 6(2): 125-134.
Brochmann, C., L. Borgen, and B. Stedje. 1993. Crossing relationships and chromosome numbers of Nordic populations of Draba (Brassicaceae), with emphasis on the D. alpina complex. Nord. J. Bot. 13:121147.
Brochmann, C. 1993. Reproductive strategies of diploid and polyploid populations of arctic Draba Brassicaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 185: 5583.
Brochmann, C., D.E. Soltis, P.S. Soltis. 1992. Electrophoretic relationships and phylogeny of Nordic polyploids in Draba (Brassicaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 182: 3570.
Brochmann, C., P.S. Soltis, D.E. Soltis. 1991. Multiple origins of the octoploid Scandinavian endemic Draba cacuminum: electrophoretic and morphological evidence. Nord. J. Bot. 12(3): 257272.
Brochmann, C., P.S. Soltis, and D. E. Soltis. 1992. Recurrent formation and polyphyly of Nordic polyploids in Draba (Brassicaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 79(6): 673688.
Brown, D.F.M. 1964. A monographic study of the fern genus Woodsia. Nova Hedwigia, 16: 1154.
Brysting, A.K., Gabrielsen, T.M., Sorlibråten, O., Ytrehorn, O., and Brochmann, C. 1996. The purple Saxifrage, Saxifraga oppositifolia, in Svalbard: two taxa or one? Polar Research 15: 93105.
Brysting, A.K. 1999. Reticulate Evolution and its taxonomical consquences: two examples from the arctic-alpine flora. Doctoral Scientiarum Botnaical Garden and Museum, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Oslo.
Brysting, A.K. 2000. The Cerastium alpinium C. arcticum complex (Caryophyllaceae): numerical analsyes of morphological variation and a taxonomic revision of C. arcticum Lange. Taxon 49: 189216.
Bunge, A. 1869. Species of Oxytropis DC. Mem. Acad.Sci. St. Petersbourg. VII, 22:1166.
Carlsson B. A., Callaghan, T. V. 1994. Impact of climate change factors on the clonal sedge Carex bigelowii: implications for population growth and vegetative spread. Ecography. 17: 321330.
Cayouette, J. 1984. Additions et extensions d'aire dans la flore vasculaire du Nouveau-Québec. Naturaliste canadien, 111: 263274.
Cayouette, J., Dion, L., and Blondeau, M. 1993. Nouvelles stations du Saule dAlaska, Salix alaxensis, au Nunavik, Québec. Canad. Field-Nat. 107: 345348.
Chapin III, F. S., Moilanen, L., and Kielland, K. 1993. Preferential use of organic nitrogen for growth by a non-mycorrhizal arctic sedge. Nature. 361: 150153.
Chase, A. and Niles, C.D. 1962. Index to Grass Species. Vol.1. G.K. Hall & Co. Boston, MA.
Chater, A. O. 1980. Carex L. In Flora Europaea Vol. 5. Edited by T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D.A. Webb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Chinnappa, C.C. and J.K. Morton. 1974. The cytology of Stellaria longipes. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 16: 499514.
Chrtek, and Krisa. 1980 Luzula DC. In Flora Europaea Vol. 5. Edited by T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D.A. Webb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Cody, W.J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory. NRC.CNRC, NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Colless, D.H. 1985. On "character" and related terms. Syst. Zool. 34: 229233.
Cranston, D.M. and D. H. Valentine. 1983. Transplant experiments on rare plants species from upper Teesdale, England, U.K. Biol. Conserv. 26: 175191.
Crawford, R.M.M., Chapman, H.M., Abbott, R.J., and Balfour, J. 1993. Potential impact of climatic warming on Arctic vegetation. Flora (Jena), 188: 367381.
Crins, W.J. 1990. Phylogenetic considerations below the sectional level in Carex. Can. J. Bot. 14331440.
Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia Unversity Press. N.Y.
Cronquist, A., Holmgren, A.H., Holmgren, N.H., and Reveal, J.L. 1977. Intermountain flora. Vascular Plants of Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 6. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, NY, 584 p.
Culter, D.F. 1969. IV. Juncales. Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. Edited by C.R. Metcalfe. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Dallwitz, M. J. 1974. A flexible program for generating identification keys. Syst. Zool. 23: 5057.
Dallwitz, M.J. 1980. A general system for coding taxonomic descriptions. Taxon, 29: 4146.
Dallwitz, M.J., Paine, T.A., and Zurcher, E.J. 1993 onwards. Users Guide to DELTA: a general system for processing taxonomic descriptions. 4th ed. http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/
Dallwitz, M.J., Paine, T.A., and Zurcher, E.J. 1995 onwards. Users Guide to Intkey: a Program for Interactive Identification and Information Retrieval. 1st edition. http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/
Dallwitz, M.J., Paine, T.A., and Zurcher, E.J. 2000. Interactive keys. In Information Technology, Plant Pathology and Biodiversity, pp. 201212. (Eds P. Bridge, P. Jeffries, D. R. Morse, and P. R. Scott.) (CAB International: Wallingford.)
Dansereau, P and Steiner E.E. 1956. Studies in Potentillae of high latitudes and altitudes. II. Central Baffin island populations. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 83: 113135.
Darbyshire, S.J., Cayouette, J. and Warwick, S.I. 1992. The intergeneric hybrid origin of Poa labradorica (Poaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 181: 5776.
Dawe, J.C, and Murray, D.F. 1981. Chromosome numbers of selected Alaskan USA vascular plants. Can. J. Bot. 59: 13731381.
Davis, J.I. 1983. A systematic treatment of the Puccinellia nuttalliana complex (Poaceae). Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Botany, University of Washington, Seattle.
Dawson, T. E. 1987. Comparative ecophysiological adaptations in arctic and alpine populations of a dioecious shrub, Salix arctica Pall. PhD Thesis, University of Washington.
Densmore, R.V. 1992. Succession on an Alaskan tundra disturbance with and without assisted revegetation with grass. Arctic and Alpine Research, 24: 238243.
Dewey, C. Cariology. Amer. J. Sci. Arts 27: 236241.
Dorn, R. D. 1975b. Cytological and taxonomic notes on North American Salix. Madroño 23: 99.
Drury, W.H., Jr. 1962. Patterned ground and vegetation on southern Bylot Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Contr. Gray Herb., Harvard University. 190: 3-111.
Dunn, D. B. and Gillett, J.M. 1966. The Lupins of Canada and Alaska. Research Branch, Can. Dept. Agric. Monogr. No. 2. Illus. 89p. Roger Duhamel. Queens Printer, Ottawa, Canada.
Edlund, S.A. 1984. High Arctic plants: new limits emerge. GEOS, 13: 1115.
Edmonson, J.R. 1980. Poa L. In Flora Europaea. Vol. 5. Edited by T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D.A. Webb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Egorova, T.V. and Tolmatchev, A.I. 1966. Flora URSS. 3. Moscow, Leningrad.
Elisens, W.J. and Packer J.G. 1980. A contribution to the taxonomy of the Oxytropis campestris complex in northwestern North America. Can. J. Bot. 18201831.
Engler, A., and Irmscher, E. 1919. Saxifraga. In Das Pflanzenreich, 67: 449709.
Faulkner, J. S. 1972. Chromosome studies on Carex section Acutae in north-west Europe. Bot. J. of Linn. Soc., 65: 271301.
Ferland, C., and Rochefort, L. 1997. Restoration techniques for Sphagnum-dominated peatlands. Can. J. Bot. 75: 11101118.
Fernald, M.L. 1902. The northeastern Carices of section Hyparrhenae. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 37:447495.
Fernald, M.L. 1925. Persistence of plants in unglaciated areas of boreal America. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 15: 241342.
Fernald, M.L. and Weatherby, C.A. 1916. The genus Puccinellia in eastern North America. Rhodora, 18: 123.
Fernald, M.L. 1971. A new alpine willow from the White Mountains. Rhodora 19: 221-223.
Fjellheim, S. 1999. RAPD DAN and morphological variation in seminiferous taxa of the Festuca brachyphylla complex. Cand. Scient. Thesis. Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo, Trondheimsveien 23B, N-0562 Oslo. The University Courses on Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, N-9170 Longyearbyen.
Ford, B. A. and Ball, P. W. 1992. The taxonomy of the circumpolar short-beaked taxa of Carex sect. Vesicariae (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot. 17:620639.
Ford, B. A., Ball, P. W., and Ritland, K. 1991. Allozyme diveristy and genetic relationships among North American members of the short-beaked taxa of Carex sect. Vesicariae (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot., 16: 116131.
Ford, B.A. and Bale, P.W. 1992. The taxonomy of the circumpolar short-beaked taxa of Carex sect Vesicariae (Cyperaceae). Systematic Botany 17: 620630.
France, R.L., Svoboda, J., and Taylor, H.W. 1993. Latitudinal distribution of cesium-137 fallout in 1990 on Saxifraga oppositifolia from Ellesmere Island, Canada. Can. J. Bot. 71: 708711.
Frederiksen, S. 1983. Festuca auriculata in North America. Nord. J. Bot. 3: 632-639.
Frederiksen, S. 1982. Festuca brachyphylla, F. saximontana and related species in North America. Nord. J. Bot. 2: 525-536.
Frederiksen, S. 1981. Festuca vivipara (Poaceae) in the North Atlantic area. Nord. J. Bot. 1: 277-292.
Frederiksen, S. 1979. Festuca minutiflora Rydb., a neglected species. Bot. Not. 131: 409-410.
Frederiksen, S. 1978. Festuca brevissima Jurtz. in Alaska. Bot. Not. 131: 409-410.
Frederiksen, S. 1977. The Festuca brachyphylla group in Greenland. Bot. Not. 130: 269-277.
Gabrielsen, Y.M., Bachmann, K., Jakobsen, K.S. and Brochmann, C. 1997. Glacial survival doesn't matter: RAPD phytogeography of Nordic Saxifraga oppositifolia. Molecular Ecology in press.
Gadallah, F. L., and Jefferies, R. L. 1995. Comparison of the nutrient contents of the principal forage plants utilized by lesser snow geese on summer breeding grounds. J. Appl. Ecol. 32: 263275.
Galloe, O. 1910. Saxifragaceae. 2. The biological leaf-anatomy of the species of Saxifraga. Meddel. om Grønland. 26: 238294.
Gebauer, R. L. E., Reynolds, J. F., and Tenhunen, J. D. 1995. Growth and allocation of the Arctic sedges Eriophorum angustifolium and E. vaginatum: Effects of variable soil oxygen and nutrient availability. Oecologia 104: 330339.
Gelting, P. 1934. Studies on the vascular plants of East, Greenland between Franz Joseph Fiord and Dove Bay. Medd om Grreenland, 60: 1340.
Gillett, J. M. 1957. A revision of the North American species of Gentianella Moench. Annals of the Missouri Bot. Garden 44: 195269.
Gillett, J. M., Aiken S.G., Consaul, L.L., and Dallwitz, M.J. (in preparation). Legumes of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: a DELTA database for interactive identification and illustrated information retrieval.
Gillett, J.M. 1963. The Gentians of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch Pub. 1180.
Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. NY.
Goetghebeur, P. 1998. The families and Genera of Vascular Plants, IV : 141190. In Flowering Plants, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (Except Gramineae). Edited by K. Kubitzki and H. Huber. Springer Verlag; Berlin.
Goloskokov, V.P. (Ed.) 1962. Astragalus, in Illyustrirovanny opredelitel rasteniy semeystva bobovych Kazakhstana {Illustrated revision of the legume of Kazakhstan} 79236., Tab. XIXLII.
Gould, Alice Joyce. 1985. Plant communities of the Lake Hazen area, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T. University of Toronto. MSc thesis, 325 pp.
Gray, A. 1884. A revision of the North American species of Oxytropis DC. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 20: 17.
Greene, C.W. 1980. The systematics of Calamagrostis (Gramineae) in eastern North America. Ph.D. thesis, Harvard university, Cambridge, MA.
Greene, C.W. 1984. Sexual and apomictic reproduction in Calamagrostis (Gramineae) from eastern North America. Amer. J. Bot. 71: 285293.
Greene, E.L. 1905. Diagnoses aragallorum. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18:1117.
Greuter, W., Barrie, F.R., Burdet, H.M., Chaloner, W.G., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D.L., Jorgensen, P.M., Nicolson, D.H., Silva, P.C., Trehane, P., McNeill, J. 1994. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code). Regnum Vegetabile Vol. 131. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (Europe).
Grulke, N.E. and Bliss, L.C. 1988. Comparative life history characteristics of two high Arctic grasses, Northwest territories. Ecology, 69: 484496.
Guldahl, A.S. 1999. The Festuca brachyphylla complex in Svalbard: enzymatic, chromosomal, and ecological variation. Cand. Scient. Thesis. Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo, Trondheimsveien 23B, N-0562 Oslo. The University Courses on Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, N-9170 Longyearbyen.
Hagerup, O. 1939. Studies on the significance of polyploidy. III. Deschampsia and Aira. Hereditas, 25: 185193.
Halliday G. and Chater, A.O. 1969a. Studies in the Carex glareosa complex I. Fruit-shape. Feddes Repertorium, 80: 7791.
Halliday G. and Chater, A.O. 1969b. Studies in the Carex glareosa complex 2. The status of Carex pribylovensis Macoun. Feddes Repertorium, 80: 93101.
Halliday G. and Chater, A.O. 1969c. Carex marina Dewey, an earlier name for C. amblyrhyncha Krecz. Feddes Repertorium, 80: 103106.
Halliday, G. and Hughes, W.E. 1980. Phippsia R. Br. and ΧPucciphippsia Tzvelev. In Flora Europaea. Vol. 5. Edited by T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D.A. Webb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hara, H. 1949. A note on Chrysosplenium iowense. Rhodora: 51, 191192.
Harris, J.G. and Harris, M. 1994. Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary. Spring Lake Publishing, Spring Lake, Utah.
Hauke, R.L. 1978. A taxonomic monograph of Equisetum subgenus Equisetum. Nova Hedwigia 30: 385-455.
Hedberg, K.O. 1992. Taxonomic differentiation in Saxifraga hirculus Saxifragaceae, a circumpolar arctic-boreal species of central asiatic origin. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 109: 337393.
Hedberg, O. 1962. The genesis of Puccinellia vacillans. Sven. Bot. Tidskr. 58: 157163.
Hedberg, O. 1967. Chromosome numbers of vascular plants from arctic and sub-arctic North America. Ark. Bot. Ser. 2, 6: 309326.
Heide, O. M. 1992. Experimental control of flowering in Carex bigelowii. Oikos. 65: 371376.
Hitchcock, A.S., 1905. North American species of Agrostis. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Bull. 68.
Hitchcock, C.L., Cronquist, A., Ownbey, M., and Thompson, J.W. 1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest, Part 1. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA
Holm, T. 1922. Report of the Canadian Arctic expedition, 191318. Vol. 5: Botany, Part B: Contributions to the morphology, synonymy, and geographical distribution of arctic plants. Rept. Can. Arct. Exp. 19131918, 5 (B). Ottawa: A. F. Acland. Pp. 3139.
Holmen, K. 1952. Cytological studies in the flora of Peary Land, North Greenland. Meddel. Grønland 128: 140.
Holmen, K. 1957. The vascular plants of Peary Land, North Greenland. Meddel. Grønland 124: 1149.
Holmen, K. and Laegaard, S. 1960. Plantae Vasculares Groenlandicae Exsiccatae. A Museo Botanico Hauniensi Distributae I. Copenhagen.
Holmgren, P.K., Holmgren, N.H. and Barnett, L.C. 1990. Index Herbariorum. Part. I: The herbaria of the world. Eight edition. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
Holub, J. 1968. Remarks on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Carex bigelowii complex. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. Praha, 3:183192.
Hughes, W.E., and Halliday, G. 1980. Arctophila Rupr. ex N.J. Andersson, Puccinellia Parl. In Flora Europaea. Vol. 5. Edited by T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D.A. Webb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hultén, E. 1942. Flora of Alaska and Yukon. II. Lunds. Univ. Arsskr. N.F., Avd. 2, Bde. 38.
Hultén, E. 1944. Flora of Alaska and Yukon 7. Lunds. Univ. Arsskr. Avd. 2, Bde. 43: 1083.
Hultén, E. 1959. The Trisetum spicatum complex. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Recht., an arctic-montane species with worldwide range. Sven. Bot. Tidskr. 53: 203228.
Hultén, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
Hultén, E. 1971. The circumpolar plants. II. Dicotyledons. Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 13(1): 1-463.
Hermann, F.J. and W.A. Weber 1977. Juncus triglumis in North America. Rhodora, 79: 160162.
Hyvarinen, H. 1985. Holocene pollen stratigraphy of Baird Inlet east-central Ellemere Island, Arctic Canada. Boreas, 14: 1932.
Isely, D. 1984. Astragalus Leguminosae Papillionoideae 2. Species summary AE. Iowa State Journal of Research, 59: 99210.
Jefferies, R.L. and Gottlieb, L.D. 1983. Genetic variation within and between populations of the asexual plant Puccinellia Χ phryganodes. Can. J. Bot. 61: 774779.
Jermy, A.C. 1980. Eriophorum In Flora Europaea Vol. 5. Edited by T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D.A. Webb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Johnson, A.W. and J.G. Packer. 1968. Chromosome numbers in the flora of Ogotoruk Creek, N.W. Alaska. Botaniska Notiser 121: 403-456.
Jonsson, B. O., Jonsdottir, I. S., and Cronberg, N. 1996. Clonal diversity and allozyme variation in populations of the arctic sedge Carex bigelowii (Cyperaceae). J. Ecol. 84: 449459.
Jonsson, B.O., ?? J\ nsd\ ttir, I.S., and Cronberg, N. 1996. Clonal diversity and allozyme variation in populations of the arctic sedge Carex bigelowii (Cyperaceae). J. Ecol. 84: 449459.
Jorgensen, C.A., Sorensen, T.J., and Westergaard, M. 1958. The flowering plants of Greenland. A taxonomical and cytological survey. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Skr. 9: 1172.
Karlsson,P.S. 1986. Seasonal pattern of biomass allocation in flowering and nonflowering specimens of three Pinguicula species. Can. J. Bot. 64: 28722877.
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Second edition. Vol. 1., Checklist. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
Kawano, S. 1963. Cytogeography and evolution of the Deschampsia caespitosa complex. Can. J. Bot. 41: 719742.
Kawano, S. 1965. Calamagrostis purpurascens and its identity. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 21: 7389.
Kawano, S. 1966. Biosystematic Studies of the Deschampsia caespitosa complex with special reference to the karyology of Icelandic populations. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 79: 293307.
Kevan, P. G.; Forbes, B. C., Kevan, S. M., and Behan-Pelletier, V. 1995. Vehicle tracks on high Arctic tundra: their effects on the soil, vegetation, and soil arthropods. J. Appl. Ecol. 32: 655667
Kiger, R.W. and Murray, D.F. 1997. Papaveraceae. In Flora North America. Vol. 3. New York, Oxford University Press.
Kirschner, J and B. Krisa, 1980. Notes on the taxonomy and cytology of the genus Luzula in the west Caucasus, Czechoslovakia. Preslia, 51: 333339.
Klein, D.R., and Bay, C. 1991. Diet selection by vertebrate herbivores in the high arctic of Greenland. Holarctic Ecol. 14: 152-155.
Knaben, G. 1959. On the evolution of the radicatum-group of the Scapiflora Papavers as studied in 70 and 56 chromosome species. Part A. Cytotaxonomical aspects. Part B. Experimental studies. Opera Bot. 2(3), 3(3).
Knaben, G. and Hylander, G. and N. 1970. On the typification of Papaver radicatum Rottb. And its nomenclatural consequences. Bot. Not. 123: 338345.
Knaben, G.S. 1968. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants from central Alaska. Nytt Mag. Bot. 15: 240254.
Knaben, G.S. 1985. Neo-polyploids in the North Atlantic region. Botanica Helvetica, 95: 177191.
Kohn,L.M. and Stasoviski, E. 1990. The myccorhizal status of plants at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island. Mycologia, 82: 2335.
Kuc, M. 1970. Vascular Plants from some localities in the western and northern parts of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Can. J. Bot. 48: 19311938.
Kuc, M. 1974. Noteworthy vascular plants collected in Southwestern Banks Island, NWT. Arctic. 27: 146150.
Lazniewski, W. V. 1896. Beitr. z. Biol. d. Alpenpflanzen (Flora).
Leadly, P. W., Reynolds, J. F., and Chapin III, F. S. 1997. A model of nitrogen uptake by Eriophorum vaginatum roots in the field: ecological implications. Ecological Monographs. 67: 122.
Lid, J. and Lid, D.T. 1994. Norsk Flora: Ed. 6 by Eleven, R. Det norsk samlaget, Oslo.
Liston, A. 1992. Variation in the chloroplast genes R POC1 and PROC2 of the genus Astragalus Fabaceae: evidence from restriction site mapping of a PCR-amplified fragment. Amer. J. Bot. 79: 953961.
Löve, A. 1954. Cytotaxonomical evaluation of corresponding taxa. Vegetatio, 56: 212224.
Löve, A. and Löve D. 1976. Nomenclatural notes on Arctic plants. Bot. Not. 128: 497523.
Löve, A. 1984. Conspectus of the Triticeae. Feddes Repert. 95: 425521.
Löve, A., and Löve D. 1975a. Cytotaxonomical Atlas of the arctic flora. J. Cramer, Vaduz, Liechtenstein.
Löve, A., and Löve, D. 1964. In IOPB chromosome number reports II. Edited by A. Löve and O. Solbrig. Taxon 13: 202.
Löve, A., and Löve, D. 1966. Cytotaxonomy of the alpine vascular plants of Mount Washington. Univ. of Colorado Studies. Series in Biology 24. 74 pp.
Löve, A., and Löve, D. 1975b. In IOPB chromosome number reports 49. Edited by A. Löve. Taxon 24: 504507.
Löve, A., and Löve, D. 1982. In IOPB chromosome number reports 74. Edited by A. Löve. Taxon 31: 120126.
Löve., A. 1962a. Typification of Papaver radicatum A nomenclatural detective story. Bot. Not. 115: 113136.
Löve., A. 1962b. Nomenclature of North American Papavers. Taxon 11: 132138.
Löve., A. 1964. Emendation in the Icelandic Flora. Taxon, 19: 298-300.
Lütz, C. 1996. Avoidance of photoinhibition and examples of photodestruction in high alpine Eriophorum. J. Plant Physiol. 148: 120128.
Macoun, J. 1886. Catalogue of Canadian Plants. Pt. 3, Apetalae, 395623. Montreal: Dawson Brothers.
Macoun, J. M. and T. Holm. 1921. Report of the Canadian Arctic expedition, 191318. Vol. 5: Botany, Part A: Vascular plants. Ottawa: A. F. Acland. Pp. 348.
Machand, P.J. and D. A. Roach. 1980. Reproductive strategies of pioneering alpine species seed production, dispersal,and germination. Arctic Alpine Res. 12: 137146.
Maessen, O, B. Freedman, J. Svoboda, and M.L.N. Nam, 1983. Resource allocation in high arctic vascular plants of differing growth form. Can. J. Bot. 61: 16801691.
Majak, W., Keller, W.J., Duan, Z., Munro, D., Smith, R.A., Davis, A.M., Ogilvie, R.T. 1994. Alkaloid distribution in tow species of Lupinus in British Columbia. Phytochemistry (Oxford) 36: 883-885.
Marklund in Floderus, B. 1931. Salix. In Hartmans handbok i Skandinaviens flora, by O.R. Holmberg, 1160. Stockholm: P.A. Nordstedt and Söners Förlag.
Maycock, P.F. 1963. Plant records of the Ungava Peninsula, new to Quebec. Can. J. Bot. 41:1277-1279.
McGraw, J. B. 1993. Ecological genetic variation in seed banks: IV. Differentiation of extant and seed bank-derived populations of Eriophorum vaginatum. Arctic and Alpine Research. 25: 4549.
McJannet, C.L., Aiken, S.G., Dallwitz, M.J., Gillespie, L.J., and Consaul, L.L. 1997 onwards. Saxifragaceae of the Canadian Arctic. Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification and Information Retrieval. http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta.
McJannet, C.L., Argus, G.W., and Cody, W.J. 1995. Rare Vascular Plants in the Northwest Territories. Syllogeus No. 73. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa.
McJannet, C.L., Argus, G.W., Edlund, S.A. and Cayouette, J. 1993. Rare Vascular Plants in the Canadian Arctic. Syllogeus No. 72. Canadian Museum of Nature, Syllogeus No. 72, Ottawa.
McLachlan, K.I., Aiken, S.G, Lefkovitch, L.P. and Edlund, S.A. 1989. Grasses of the Queen Elizabeth Islands. Can. J. Bot. 67: 20882105.
McLaren, I.A. 1964. A list of vascular plants from around Ogac Lake, south coast of Frobisher Bay, N.W.T. Can. Field-Nat. 78:7077.
McNeill, J. and Dore, W.G. 1976. Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Ontario grasses. Naturaliste Canadien, 103: 553567.
Melderis, A. 1980. Elymus L. In Flora Europaea. Vol. 5. Edited by T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentin, S.M. Walters, and D.A. Webb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Mitchell, W.W. 1968. Taxonomy, variation, and chorology of three chromosome races of the Calamagrostis canadensis complex in Alaska. Madroño, 19: 235246.
Moorhead, D. L., Kroehler, C. J., Linkins, A. E., and Reynolds J. F. 1993. Extracellular acid phosphatase activities in Eriophorum vaginatum Tussocks; a modelling synthesis. Arctic and Alpine Research. 25: 5055.
Mosquin, T., and Haley, D. E. 1966. Chromosome numbers and taxonomy of some Canadian arctic plants. Canad. J. Bot. 44: 12091218.
Mulligan, G.A. and A.E. Porsild. 1969. Chromosome numbers of some plants from the unglaciated central Yukon plateau, Canada. Can. J. Bot. 47(5): 655-662.
Mulvey, R.H. 1963. A grass nematode, Anguina agrostis (Steinbuck), on Arctagrostis latifolia from the Canadian Arctic. Can. J. Zool. 41: 12231226.
Nannfeldt, J.A. 1935. Taxonomical and plant-geographical studies in the Poa laxa group. A contribution to the history of the north European Mountain floras. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1: 3.
Nannfeldt, J.A. 1940. On the polymorphy of Poa arctica R. Br., with special reference to its Scandinavian forms. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 4: 186.
Nelson, A. 1899. The western species of Astragalus. Erythea 7: 5764.
Nordal, I. and O.E. Stabbetorp. 1990. Morphology and taxonomy of the genus Cochlearia (Brassicaceae) in northern Scandinavia. Nord. J. Bot. 10: 249-263.
Nordal, I. and M.M. Laane. 1990. Cytology and reproduction in arctic Cochlearia. Sommerfeltia 11: 147-158.
Nygren,A. 1946. The genesis of some Scandanavian species of Calamagrostis. Hereditas 32: 131262.
Nygren, A. 1949. Studies on vivipary in the genus Deschampsia. Hereditas, 35: 2732.
Nygren, A. 1954. Investigations of North American Calamagrostis. Hereditas 40: 377397.
Ostenfeld, C.H. 1090. Vascular plants collected in Arctic North America by the Gjöa Expedition under Captain Roald Amundsen, 19041906. Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. I. Math.-Naturv, K1,8.
Ouellet, J-P, and Boutin, S. Responses to simulated grazing and browsing of vegetation available to caribou in the Arctic. Can. J. Zool. 72: 14261435.
Packer, J.G. 1963. The taxonomy of some North American species of Chrysosplenium L., section Alternifolia Franchet. Can. J. Bot. 41: 85103.
Packer, J. G., and McPherson, G. D. 1974. Chromosome numbers in some vascular plants from northern Alaska. Canad. J. Bot. 52: 10951099.
Petrovsky, V. V., and Zhukova, P. G. 1983a. The chromosome numbers, morphology, ecology, and taxonomy of the willows of northeast Asia. Bot. Zhur. [In Russian] 68: 2938.
Polunin, N. 1934. Flora of Akpatok Island. J. Botany, 72: 197204.
Polunin, N. 1938. The flora of Southampton Island, Hudson Bay. J. Botany, 76: 93103.
Polunin, N. 1940a. The flora of Devon Island in Arctic Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 54: 3137.
Polunin, N. 1940b. Botany of the Canadian Eastern Arctic. Part. 1. Pteridophya and Spermatophyta. Natl. Mus. Canad. Bull. 92.
Polunin, N. 1955. Attempted dendrochronological dating of Ice Island T-3. Science 122: 11841185.
Polunin, N. 1959. Circumpolar Arctic Flora. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Porsild A. E. and Cody, W. J. 1980. Vascular plants of the Continental Northwest Territories, Canada. National Museum of Canada, Ottawa.
Porsild, A. E. 1957. Illustrated flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Natl. Mus. Can. Bull. No. 146.
Porsild, A. E. 1964. Illustrated flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Second edition. Natl. Mus. Can. Bull. No. 146.
Porsild, A.E. 1943. Materials for the flora of the Continental Northwest Territories of Canada. Sargentia 4:179.
Porsild, A.E. 1951, Two new Oxytropis from arctic Alaska and Yukon. Can. Field-Nat. 65:7679.
Porsild, A.E. 1955. The vascular plants of the western Canadian archipelago. Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 135 (Biol. Ser. 45).
Prentice, H.C. 1986. Climate and clinal variation in seed morphology of the white campion, Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae). J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 27: 179189.
Prevost, D and Bal Arya K. 1994. Early stages of nodulaton in roots of Oxytropis arctobia (Leguminosae) induced by the arctic rhizombial strain N31. Nordic J. Bot. 14: 331337.
Pullman, E. R., Funk, D. W., Peterson, K. M., and Crill, P. M. 1995. Landscapes: Human ecology, landscape ecology, earth system science. AAAS Arctic Division. University of Alaska. Fairbanks, Alaska.
Raab, T. K., Lipson, D. A., and Monson, R. K. 1996. Non-mycorrhizal uptake of amino acids by roots of the alpine sedge Kobresia myosuroides: implications for the alpine nitrogen cylce. Oecologia. 108: 488494.
Randall, J.L. and Hilu, K.W. 1986. Biosystematic studies of North American Trisetum spicatum (Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 11: 567578.
Raup, H.M. 1959. The willows of boreal western America. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 185: 395.
Rauschert, S. 1973. Zur nomenklature der fram- und blütenpflanzen Deutschlands (III). Feddes Repertorium, 83: 645-662. (Discussion on names Calamagrostis neglecta/stricta )
Reznicek, A.A. 1990. Evolution in sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae). Can. J. Bot. 68: 14091432.
Ritchie, J.C., Hadden, K.A. and Gajewski, K. 1987. Modern pollen spectra from lakes in Arctic western Canada. 65: 16051613.
Rosendahl, C.O. 1947. Studies in Chrysosplenium with species reference to the taxonomic status and distribution of C. iowense. Rhodora, 49: 2535.
Rollins, R.C. 1993. The Cruciferae of Continental North America. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. 976 pp.
Roshevitz, 1932. Gramineae novae II. Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk SSSR, 30: 293304.
Rothera, S.L. and Davy, A.J. 1986. Polyploidy and habitat differentiation in Deschampsia cespitosa. New Phytologist, 102: 449467.
Saville, D.B.O. 1961. The botany of the northwestern Queen Elizabeth Islands. Can. J. Bot. 39: 909942.
Saville, D.B.O. 1964. General ecology and vascular plants of the Hazen Camp area. Arctic 17: 237258.
Saville, D.B.O. 1972. Arctic adaptations in plants. Canada Dept. Agriculture, Research Branch, Monograph 6.
Saville, D.B.O. 1968. Flora and Fauna of land areas, part 1. Land Plants In Science, History and Hudson Bay. Edited by Beals, C.S. 1: 397416.
Savile, D.B.O. 1979. Ring counts in Salix arctica from northern Ellesmere Island. Canadian Field-Naturalist 93: 81-82.
Schaefer, J. A., and Messier, F. 1995. Scale-dependent correlations of Arctic vegetation and snow cover. Arctic and Alpine Research. 27: 3843.
Scholander, P.D. 1934. Vascular plants from northern Svalbard. Skr. Svalbard Ishavet, 62: 1153.
Schouten, Y., and Veldkamp, J.F. 1985. A revision of Anthoxanthum including Hierochloë (Gramineae) in Malaysia and Thailand. Blumea, 30: 319351.
Scoggan, H.J. 1978. The Flora of Canada. Part 2. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Botany, No. 7(2).
Scott, P.J., Aiken, S.G., Boles, R.L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Ranunculaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification and Information Retrieval. http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/
Scott, P.J., Aiken, S.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. (in preparation). Brassicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: a DELTA database for interactive identification and illustrated information retrieval.
Siira, J. and Merila, E. 1985. Puccinellia phryganodes (Poaceae) in Finland: Occurrences and ecology up to 1983. Ann. Bot. Fennici, 22: 281290.
Simmons, H. G. 1913. A survey of the phytogeography of the Arctic American Archipelago. Lunds Univ. Arsskr, N.F. Afd. 1, 9 (19): 1183.
Simmons, H.G. 1906. The vascular plants in the flora of Ellesmereland. Rept. 2nd Norwegian Arct. Exp. In the "Fram", 18981902, No. 2.
Skvortsov, A. K. 1971. On the taxonomy of willows in Greenland, Iceland, and the Faeroe Islands. Ann. Naturhistorisches Mus. Wien 75: 223233.
Skvortsov, A. K. 1989. Willows (Salix) of the section Chamaetia and the problem of the origin of arctic flora. Flora 182: 5767.
Skvortsov, A.K. 1999. Willows of Russia and adjacent countries. University of Joensuu Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Report Series, Biology 39. 307 pp.
Soper, J. H., and J. M. Powell. 1985. Botanical studies in the Lake Hazen Region, northern Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Natural Sciences 5. 67 pp.
Soreng, R.J. 1991. Notes on new infraspecific taxa and hybrids in North American Poa (Poaceae). Phytologia, 71: 390413.
Sørensen, T.J. 1933. The vascular plants of east Greenland from 71°00' to 73°30'N lat. Meddel. Grønland, 101: 1177.
Sørensen, T.J. 1953. A revision of the Greenland species of Puccinellia Parl. with contributions to our knowledge of the arctic Puccinellia flora in general. Meddel. Grønland, 136: 1169.
Sørensen, T.J. 1955. In Porsild, A.E. The vascular plants of the western Canadian arctic archipelago. Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 135 (Biol. Ser. 45).
Stace, C.A. 1997. The new flora of the British Isles. Edition 2. Cambridge University Press.
Stafleu, F.A. and Cowan, R.S. 1986. Taxonomic literature, Volume VI, Sti-Vuy. Utrecht.
Standley, L.A. 1990. Anatomical aspects of the taxonomy of sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae). Can. J. Bot. 68:14491456.
Starr, J.R., Bayer, R.J. and Ford, B.A. 1999. The phylogenetic position of Carex section Phyllostachys and its implications for phylogeny and subgeneric circumscription in Carex (Cyperaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 86: 563577.
Stewart, J.D. and Freedman, B. 1983. Patterns of biomass allocation among a group of sympatric species of Saxifraga in the High Arctic. Am. J. Bot. 75. 56.
Suda, Y., and Argus, G. W. 1968. Chromosome numbers of some North American Salix. Brittonia 20: 191197.
Suda, Y., and Argus, G. W. 1969. Chromosome numbers of some North American Arctic and Boreal Salix. Canad. J. Bot. 47: 859862.
Swallen, J.R. 1944. The Alaskan species of Puccinellia. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 34: 1632.
Tanaka, N. 1981. Studies on chromosome arrangement in some higher plants. 1. Interphase chromosome in 3 liliaceous plants. Cytologia, 46: 343358.
Tateoka, T. 1955. Karyotaxonomy in Poaceae. III. Further studies of somatic chromosomes. Cytologia, 20: 296306.
Tateoka, T. 1973. A taxonomic study of the genus Calamagrostis on Mount Yakeishidake. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 86: 103120.
Tateoka, T. 1974. A cytotaxonomical study of the Calamagrostis purpurea-langsdorffii-canadensis complex in the lowlands of Hokkaido. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 87: 237251.
Taylor, H.W., Hutchinson-Benson, and Svoboda, J. 1985. Search for latitudinal trends in the effective half-life of fallout cesium-137 in vegetation of the Canadian arctic. Can. J. Bot. 63: 792796.
Taylor, J. 1863. Notice of flowering plants and ferns collected on both sides of Davis Straits and Baffins Bay. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 7: 323334.
Teeri, J.A. 1972. Microenvironmental adaptations of local populations of Saxifraga oppositifolia in the High Arctic. Ph.D. thesis, Duke University.
Thannheiser, D. Floristische Studien auf Victoria Island, N.W.T. (Kanada). Unpublished.
Turland, N. 1994. (12891290) Proposals to conserve the name Carex lachenalii against C. tripartita and C. leporina, and to reject the name C. bipartita (Cyperaceae). Taxon, 46: 341345.
Turland, N. 1997. (1277) Proposal to reject the name Eriophorum polystachion (Cyperaceae). Taxon, 46: 115116.
Tutin, T.G. 1980. Agrostis L., Phippsia R. Br. In Flora Europaea Vol. 5. Edited by T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D.A. Webb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., and Webb., D.A. 1980. Flora Europaea Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Tzvelev, N.N. 1971. Notae de gramineis florae URSS, 6. Nov. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 76.
Tzvelev, N.N. 1974. Deschampsia in A.I. Tolmacev, Fl. Sev. Vost. Euro. Chasti. SSSR, 1: 139143.
Tzvelev, N.N. 1976. Poaceae URSS. Nauka, Leningrad. 788 p. [in Russian] and Grasses of the Soviet Union. Parts 1 and 2. Translated from Russian (1983). Zlaki SSSR. (In Russian.) Nauka, Leningrad. Published for the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC, by Oxonian, New Delhi.
Uhrikova, A., L. Paclova, L. 1986. Karyological study of the Slovak Czechoslovakia Flora XIV. Acta Facultatis Rerum Naturalium Universitatis Comenianae Botanica, 33: 6972.
Utech, F.H. 1978. Floral vascular anatomy of Pleea tenuifolia Liliaceae Tofieldieae and its reassignment to Tofieldia. Ann. Carnegi Mus. 47: 423454.
Vellend, M., and Waterway, M. J. 1997. Geographic patterns in the genetic diversity of a northern wetland sedge, Carex rariflora. Am. J. Bot. 86: (6 Suppl): 240.
Viereck, L. A., and E. L. Little. 1972. Alaska trees and shrubs. Agric. Handb. 410. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service.
Wagner, F. S. Evidence for the origin of the hybrid cliff fern, Woodsia x abbeae (Aspleniaceae: Athrioideae). Syst. Bot. 12: 116-124.
Wagner, J., and Teng, G. 1993. Embryology of two mountain plants, Saxifraga oppositifolia and Cerastium uniflorum, in relation to phenology. Flora (Jena), 188: 203212.
Warming, E. 1909. Saxifragaceae. 1. Morphology and biology. Meddel om Grønland. 168237.
Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M. J. 1991. The families of angiosperms: automated descriptions, with interactive identification and information retrieval. Aust. Syst. Bot. 4: 681695.
Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M. J. 1992 onwards. The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/
Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1993. The families of flowering plants. Interactive identification and information retrieval. CD-ROM, Version 1.0 for MS-DOS. CSIRO Publications: Melbourne.
Webb, D.A. 1964. Saxifragaceae. In Flora Europaea. Vol. 5. Edited by T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D.A. Webb. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Weinmarck, G. 1971. Variation and taxonomy of Hierochloë (Gramineae) in the northern hemisphere. Bot. Not. 124: 9175.
Welsh, S.L. 1960. Legumes of the North Central States: Galegeae, Iowa State J. Sci. 35: 111250.
Welsh, S.L. 1963. New variety and new combination in Oxytropis campestris. Leafl. W. Bot. 10: 2426.
Welsh, S.L. 1990. On the typification of Oxytropis borealis D.C. J. Great Basin Nat. 50:355-360.
Welsh, S.L. 1991. Oxytropis DC names, basionyms, types, and synonyms, Flora of North America Project. Great Basin Nat. 51: 377396.
Welsh, S.L. 1995. North American types of Oxytropis DC (Leguminosae) at the Natural History Museum and Royal Botanic Garden, England, with nomenclatural comments and a new variety. Great Basin Naturalist, 55: 271281.
Welsh, S.L. 1998. Astragalus (Leguminosae); Nomenclatural proposal and new taxa. Great Basin Naturalist, 58: 4553.
Whittaker, R.J. 1993. Plant populations patterns in glacier foreland succession: Pioneer herbs and later-colonizing shrubs. Ecography, 16: 117136.
Wikberg, S., Svensson, B. M., and Carlsson, B. A. 1994. Fitness, population growth rate and flowering in Carex bigelowii, a clonal sedge. Oikos. 70: 5764.
Wilson, J. W. 1964. Annual growth of Salix arctica in the High-Arctic. Ann. Bot. N.S. 28:7176.
Windham, M.D. 1987b. Chromosomal and electrophoretic studies of the genus Woodsia in North America. Amer. J. Bot. 74: 715.
Wolek, J. and E. Pancer-Kotejowa, 1989. Null hypothesis in studies on plant communities. II. Assemblages of
Species in the genus Luzula. Ekologia Polska, 36: 485508.
Wynne-Edwards, V.C. 1937. Isolated arctic-alpine floras in eastern North America: a discussion of their glacial and recent history. Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. 21: 126.
Yurtsev, B.A., and Zhukova, P. G. 1982. Chromosome numbers of some plants of northeastern Yakutia (the drainage of the Indigirka River and its middle reaches). [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 67: 778787. (English translation by Secretary of State, Canada.)
Yurtsev, B.A., Zhukova, P. G., Plieva, T. V., Raszhinin, V. V., and Sekretarem, N. A. 1975. Interesting floristic finds in the easternmost Chukotka Peninsula [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 60: 233247.
Zhukova, P. G. 1967. Chromosome numbers in some plant species from the north-eastern parts of the U.S.S.R. II. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 52: 983987.
Zhukova, P. G. 1968. Chromosome numbers in some plant species from the north-east of the U.S.S.R. III. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 53: 365368.
Zhukova, P. G. 1969. Chromosome numbers in certain plant species indigenous to the north-east of the U.S.S.R. IV. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 54: 19851990.
Zhukova, P. G. 1980. Chromosome numbers of some southern Chukotka plant species. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 65: 5159.
Zhukova, P. G. and Tikhonova, A. D. 1973. Chromosome numbers of some Chukotka plant species. II. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 58: 395402.
Zhukova, P. G., and Petrovsky, V. V. 1971. Chromosome numbers of certain flowering plants of the Wrangel Island. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 56: 294305.
Zhukova, P. G., and Petrovsky, V. V. 1972. Chromosome numbers of some flowering plants of the Wrangel Island II. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 57: 554563.
Zhukova, P. G., and Petrovsky, V. V. 1975. Chromosome numbers of some western Chukotka plant species. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 60: 395401.
Zhukova, P. G., and Petrovsky, V. V. 1976. Chromosome numbers of some western Chukotka plant species II. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 61: 963969.
Zhukova, P. G., and Petrovsky, V. V. 1977. Chromosome numbers and taxonomy of some species of the Anyui Mts. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 65: 651659.
Zhukova, P. G., and Petrovsky, V. V. 1980. Chromosome numbers of some western Chukotka plant species III. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 62: 12151223.
Zhukova, P. G., and Petrovsky, V. V. 1987. Chromosome numbers and taxonomy of some plant species from the northern Asia regions. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 72: 16171624.
Zhukova, P. G., Korobkov, A. A., and Tikhonova, A. D. 1977. Chromosome numbers of some plant species in the eastern arctic Jakutia. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 62: 229234.
Zhukova, P. G., Petrovsky, V. V., and Plieva, T. N. 1973. The chromosome numbers and taxonomy of some plant species from Siberia and the Far East. [In Russian.] Bot. Zhur. 58: 13311342.