Pseudo-Ambrose: Introduction

"Il y a eu plusieurs Pseudo" (Rodrique LaRue)

Included here are chiefly those texts consistently or widely attributed to AMBROSE in the Middle Ages which are listed under "Ambrosius" by Machielsen (CPPM), or under "PS-AM" by Frede (KVS). (The works of "Ambrosiaster" are treated in a separate entry.) Texts which were occasionaly attributed to Ambrose in the Middle Ages but more often to other Fathers have been excluded. Also excluded are texts attributed to Ambrose in the Middle Ages which have been assigned to other Fathers or to medieval authors by modern scholars, although exception has been made for the DE LAPSU VIRGINIS CONSECRATAE doubtfully attributed to NICETAS OF REMESIANA, because it circulated in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts as part of an Ambrosian corpus of works on virginity. A few minor texts are included because an attribution to Ambrose, however slight or indirect, occurs in an Anglo-Saxon context.

We gather here miscellaneous citations of "Ambrose" by Anglo-Latin authors which are either misattributed or still unidentified. Unidentified citations include a line cited as "a hexameter of Ambrose" by ALDHELM, DE PEDUM REGULIS CXIII.153.16 (MGH AA 15) and a brief comment on John 1.48 quoted by BEDE, COMMENTARIUS IN GENESIM I.1991-5 (CCSL 118A). An Old English translation (not by Wulfstan) of ABBO OF ST GERMAIN's SERMO IN CENA DOMINI AD PENITENTES (both ed. Bethurum 1957 pp 366-73) includes (at lines 96-98) an unidentified sentence attributed to Ambrose concerning bishops and penitents.

In his ADVERSUS FELICEM IV.xi (PL 101.185-6) ALCUIN attributes to Ambrose a statement proclaiming the perpetual virginity of Mary which supposedly occurs "in libro qui est ad virgines," but the citation is not from any of the surviving Ambrose treatises. Alcuin found it in CASSIAN, DE INCARNATIONE DOMINI VII.xxv (CSEL 17.384.2-6), where it is attributed to a discourse by Ambrose in natale Domini, but closely follows a citation (383.17-18) "in libro qui est ad virgines," i.e., DE VIRGINIBUS I.xlvi (ed. Cazzaniga 1984a 24.8-25.3; on the Sermon in natale Domini see CPL 183). Alcuin quotes part of the same passage (384.5-8) from Cassian in his DE FIDE SANCTAE ET INDIVIDUAE TRINITATIS III.xiv (PL 101.47.7-10); see Cavadini 1991 (pp 137, note 40 and 146). In his LIBER CONTRA HAERESIM FELICIS 91.24-92.19 (ed. Blumenshine 1980), Alcuin attributes to Ambrose three more extracts taken from Cassian's De incarnatione Domini II.vi (CSEL 17.259-260.10; 261.20-262.3; 263.7-11). This florilegium has four further extracts wrongly attributed to Ambrose: 91.19-23 is from FULGENTIUS OF RUSPE, LIBER AD VICTOREM CONTRA SERMONEM FASTIDIOSI ARIANI 357-62 (CCSL 91); 92.20-22 is from Fulgentius of Ruspe, EPISTULA XIV ad Ferrandum 1126-28 (CCSL 91), an extract also quoted at slightly greater length, but without attribution to Ambrose, in Alcuin's De fide sanctae et individuae trinitatis II.xi (PL 101.30.40-49), cf. Cavadini 1991 (p 134 note 34); 88.5-20, attributed to a "sermon on the Lord's nativity," is from PETRUS CHRYSOLOGUS, SERMO 145.94-112 (CCSL 24B; see CPPM IA.1236); and 88.21-89.10, attributed to "another homily," is from AUGUSTINE, SERMO 186 (PL 38.999.29-1000.4; see CPPM IB.5575).

For citations of non-genuine "Ambrosian" hymns by Bede and other Anglo-Latin authors, see Ogilvy, BKE pp 59-60, and the generic entry HYMNALS. BEDE, DE ARTE METRICA I.xxiiii.22-26; CCSL 123A) also attributes to Ambrose the hymn Rex aeterne domine (ICL 14234; Walpole 1922, number 42) as well as two hymns of the Ambrosian and Mozarabic Hymnals (De arte metrica I.xviiii.3-29; see Gneuss 1968 pp 36 note 44 and 39): Obduxere polum nubila caeli (ICL 11092; AH 27.278) and (following JULIANUS TOLETANUS, ARS GRAMMATICA, POETICA, RHETORICA) Squalent arva solis pulvere multa (ICL 15644; AH 27.279). BYRHTFERTH, VITA S. OSWALDI, quotes lines from the latter hymn via Bede, see Lapidge 1994 (pp 68-69). A stanza which Alcuin, EPISTULA CLXII.261.2-5, MGH ECA 2) attributes to Ambrose is from the hymn Ignis creator igneus (see Mercati 1904 pp 24-36). Byrhtferth (ENCHIRIDION, ed. EETS SS 15.114.153.61) attributes to Ambrose the hymn Iam lucis orto sidere (ICL 7500; AH 51.40). The hymn TE DEUM LAUDAUMS will be treated in SASLC under the name of NICETAS OF REMESIANA, but it should be noted here that it is attributed to Ambrose in the Stowe Psalter, London, BL Stowe 2 [HG 49], fol. 179r (ed. Kimmens 1979 p 303), and is regarded as a collaborative composition of Ambrose and Augustine in the Vitellius Psalter, London, BL Cotton Vitellius E.xviii p 407] (ed. Rosier 1962 p 379) and in Oxford, Bodleian Library Douce 296 (SC 21870) [HG 617] (see Burn 1905 p xcviii).

A canon on the immunity of the church from taxation in ODA OF CANTERBURY, Constitutiones Odonis, is taken from the COLLECTIO CANONUM HIBERNENSIS XXV.10 (see CANONICAL COLLECTIONS; Whitelock et al. 1981 p 69).


Last modified by Bill Schipper, July 10, 2001